Study of endometrial tissue in dysfunctional uterine bleeding

Area of Science:

• Gynecology
• Pathology
• Reproductive Health

Background:

• Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) is characterized by heavy or irregular menstruation without identifiable pelvic pathology, pregnancy, or systemic bleeding disorders.
• Endometrial hyperplasia is a significant histological finding in DUB, with atypical hyperplasia posing a high risk for concurrent or subsequent endometrial cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

• To determine the incidence of endometrial hyperplasia in women with DUB.
• To identify risk factors associated with endometrial hyperplasia in DUB patients.

Main Methods:

• A prospective study conducted over two years (July 2010 - January 2013) at Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital.
• Inclusion of 100 DUB patients undergoing D&C or hysterectomy.
• Analysis of age, parity, symptoms, contraceptive use, and medical conditions in relation to endometrial histology.

Main Results:

• DUB was most prevalent in the perimenopausal age group (49%), with incidence increasing with parity.
• Endometrial hyperplasia was diagnosed in 31% of the DUB cases.
• Atypical and complex hyperplasia correlated with irregular menstruation; hypertension was present in 32.26% of hyperplastic patients.

Conclusions:

• Perimenopausal age, irregular menstruation, and hypertension are significant risk factors for endometrial hyperplasia in DUB.
• Endometrial sampling is crucial for perimenopausal women experiencing irregular menstruation, especially those with hypertension.