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Study on a negative hydrogen ion source with hot cathode arc discharge.

S H Lin1, X Fang1, H J Zhang1

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A new negative hydrogen ion source was developed for PET cyclotrons. It achieved a 1 mA DC H(-) beam with low emittance, demonstrating effective plasma confinement and parameter optimization.

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Physics
  • Particle Accelerators
  • Plasma Physics

Background:

  • Positron Emission Tomography (PET) cyclotrons require high-intensity ion beams.
  • Efficient negative hydrogen (H(-)) ion sources are crucial for cyclotron injectors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and fabricate a novel H(-) ion source for a 10 MeV PET cyclotron.
  • To optimize the source performance through experimental studies of arc discharge parameters.

Main Methods:

  • Hot cathode arc discharge ion source design and fabrication.
  • Plasma confinement using a Halbach hexapole.
  • Experimental investigation of filament current, arc current, gas pressure, and bias voltage.
  • Measurement of beam current and emittance.

Main Results:

  • Successfully extracted 1 mA DC H(-) beam at 25 kV.
  • Achieved normalized RMS emittance of 0.08 π mm mrad.
  • Identified key parameters influencing arc discharge and beam quality.

Conclusions:

  • The developed H(-) ion source meets the requirements for a PET cyclotron injector.
  • Experimental studies provided insights for further source improvement.
  • The Halbach hexapole effectively confined the plasma for stable operation.