Angiotensin-(1-7) and angiotensin-(1-9): function in cardiac and vascular remodelling

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Physiology
• Endocrinology
• Molecular Biology

Background:

• The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is crucial for cardiovascular homeostasis.
• Dysregulation of the RAS, particularly angiotensin II (AngII) acting via the AT1 receptor, drives cardiovascular disease (CVD) pathophysiology, including heart failure and atherosclerosis.
• The ACE2-angiotensin-(1-7)-Mas receptor axis acts as a counter-regulatory pathway, mitigating AngII's detrimental effects.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the cardiovascular roles of the counter-regulatory RAS peptides angiotensin-(1-7) and angiotensin-(1-9).
• To focus on the effects of these peptides in cardiac and vascular remodeling.
• To highlight their protective functions in the context of cardiovascular disease.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of existing studies on RAS peptides.
• Analysis of research on angiotensin-(1-7) and angiotensin-(1-9) signaling pathways.
• Synthesis of findings related to cardiovascular remodeling.

Main Results:

• Angiotensin-(1-7), produced by ACE2 from AngII, antagonizes AngII's pro-remodeling effects via the Mas receptor.
• Angiotensin-(1-9), another ACE2 metabolite, is also recognized as a biologically active peptide within the counter-regulatory RAS axis.
• Both peptides play significant roles in modulating cardiac and vascular remodeling processes.

Conclusions:

• The counter-regulatory RAS axis, involving angiotensin-(1-7) and angiotensin-(1-9), offers a protective counterbalance to the pro-pathogenic effects of AngII.
• Targeting these peptides may represent a therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular diseases.
• Further research into the precise mechanisms of angiotensin-(1-9) is warranted.