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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
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Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
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The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
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Processing of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid and Matched Blood for Alveolar Macrophage and CD4+ T-cell Immunophenotyping and HIV Reservoir Assessment
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[HIV in the lung from 1982 to 2013].

C Mayaud1, J Cadranel1

  • 1Service de pneumologie et réanimation, faculté de médecine Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, université Paris 6, hôpital Tenon, AP-HP, 4, rue de la Chine, 75970 Paris, France.

Revue Des Maladies Respiratoires
|March 8, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pulmonary involvement significantly impacted HIV infection history, evolving from initial AIDS diagnoses to chronic lung conditions in the era of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Respiratory physicians now manage long-term HIV patients facing new pulmonary challenges.

Keywords:
AIDSHIVLungPneumocystis pneumoniaPneumocystosePoumonSidaTritherapyTrithérapieVIH

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • HIV/AIDS Research

Context:

  • Pulmonary complications have been central to the understanding and management of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection over the past three decades.
  • The emergence of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) was initially linked to unexplained Pneumocystis pneumonia, raising concerns about its origins.
  • Prior to effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), recurrent lung infections were a hallmark of AIDS, with respiratory physicians playing a critical diagnostic and therapeutic role.

Purpose:

  • To review the evolving role of pulmonary involvement in the context of HIV infection.
  • To highlight the shift in pulmonary manifestations of HIV/AIDS with the advent of ART.
  • To discuss the emerging chronic pulmonary conditions in patients with controlled HIV infection.

Summary:

  • Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has dramatically altered the natural history of HIV infection, transforming AIDS from a rapidly fatal disease to a chronic condition for many.
  • While ART has reduced opportunistic lung infections, pulmonologists now encounter new challenges, including paradoxical reactions and long-term complications.
  • Chronic pulmonary issues such as pulmonary arterial hypertension, lung cancer, COPD, and fibrosis are increasingly recognized in patients on long-term ART.

Impact:

  • This evolving landscape necessitates a continued focus on pulmonary health in HIV management.
  • Understanding these chronic pulmonary sequelae is crucial for improving the long-term quality of life for individuals living with HIV.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms and optimal management strategies for these emerging pulmonary conditions in the ART era.