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Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Stratified Epithelium

Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Stratified Epithelium

Stratified epithelium consists of several stacked layers of cells. They provide the durability to withstand constant physical and chemical attacks. Stratified epithelium is named after the shape of the most apical layer of cells. Stratified squamous epithelium is the most common type found in the human body. In this tissue, the apical cells are squamous, whereas the basal layer contains either columnar or cuboidal cells. The basal cells divide to form new daughter cells, which gradually become...

Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Simple Epithelium

Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Simple Epithelium

Simple epithelium consists of a single layer of cells that lines body cavities and blood vessels. The shape of the cells in the epithelium reflects the function of the tissue. Cells in simple squamous epithelium appear as thin scales with flat, elliptical nuclei that mirror the form of the cell.
Because of the thinness of the cells, simple squamous epithelium is present where the rapid passage of chemical compounds is observed. For example, the endothelium that lines the capillaries and vessels...

Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Overview

Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Overview

Epithelial tissues are classified according to the shape of the cells and the number of cell layers formed. Cell shapes can be squamous (flattened and thin), cuboidal (square-like, as wide as it is tall), or columnar (rectangular, taller than it is wide). Additionally, the nucleus shape helps identify the type of epithelial cells. Squamous cells have flattened disc-shaped nuclei, cuboidal cells have spherical nuclei, and columnar cells have elongated nuclei.
Based on the number of cell layers,...

Epithelial Tissues and Their Functions

Epithelial Tissues and Their Functions

Epithelial tissues are large sheets of cells covering all of the surfaces of the body. These surfaces can be internal or external, for example, skin, airways, the digestive tract, the urinary system, and the reproductive system. Hollow organs and body cavities that do not connect to the body's exterior, including blood vessels and serous membranes, are lined by epithelial tissue known as the endothelium.
Epithelial tissues provide the body's first line of protection from physical,...

Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Glandular Epithelium

Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Glandular Epithelium

The glandular epithelium is made of one or more epithelial cells modified to synthesize and secrete chemical substances. Glandular epithelia can be classified based on cell number. Unicellular glands have individual secretory cells scattered across the epithelial monolayer. In contrast, multicellular glands consist of a hollow tubular duct attached to the cluster of secretory cells located in the deep pockets.
Multicellular glands are formed during early development when epithelial budding...

Cells of the Epidermis

Cells of the Epidermis

The epidermis is made of four or five layers of epithelial cells, depending on its location in the body. From deep to superficial, these layers are the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum.
The cells in all these layers except the stratum basale are called keratinocytes, a type of cell that manufactures and stores the protein keratin. The keratinocytes in the stratum corneum are dead and regularly slough away, being replaced by cells from...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

Author Spotlight: Anterior HR-OCT as a Non-Invasive Tool for Characterizing Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia

Author Spotlight: Anterior HR-OCT as a Non-Invasive Tool for Characterizing Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia

Published on: August 9, 2024

How good is the neosquamous epithelium?

Roy C Orlando¹

¹University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, N.C., USA.

Digestive Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)

|March 8, 2014

Summary

Neosquamous epithelium (NSE) after ablation for Barrett's esophagus (BE) shows impaired barrier function and inflammation. This defect, linked to reduced claudin-4, may increase vulnerability to acid reflux and contribute to BE recurrence.

Area of Science:

Gastroenterology
Esophageal disease research
Tissue engineering and regeneration

Background:

Endoscopic radiofrequency ablation (RFA) with PPI therapy is standard for dysplastic Barrett's esophagus (BE).
Successful RFA relies on healing with normal-appearing neosquamous epithelium (NSE).
BE recurrence after RFA raises questions about NSE integrity.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the health and barrier function of NSE post-RFA.
To compare NSE to normal upper squamous epithelium (USE) in patients undergoing RFA.

Main Methods:

In vitro analysis of endoscopic biopsies from patients post-RFA on PPIs.
Morphological assessment (light microscopy) of NSE vs. USE.
Barrier function evaluation using electrical resistance and fluorescein flux in mini-Ussing chambers.

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Author Spotlight: Anterior HR-OCT as a Non-Invasive Tool for Characterizing Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia

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Culturing of Human Nasal Epithelial Cells at the Air Liquid Interface

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Modeling Oral-Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in 3D Organoids

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Main Results:

NSE displayed dilated intercellular spaces and inflammation compared to USE.
NSE exhibited significantly defective barrier function (low resistance, high flux).
Claudin-4, crucial for tight junctions, was downregulated in NSE.

Conclusions:

NSE possesses a defective barrier function, partly due to claudin-4 downregulation.
Reduced claudin-4 increases NSE permeability to ions like hydrogen.
This heightened vulnerability to acid reflux may contribute to BE recurrence after ablation.