Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 2, 2026
Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts
Published on: January 29, 2018
Bone mineral density and chronic lung disease mortality: the rotterdam study
Natalia Campos-Obando1, Martha C Castano-Betancourt, Ling Oei
1Departments of Internal Medicine (N.C.-O., M.C.C.-B., L.O., B.H.C.S., H.T., F.R., A.G.U., M.C.Z.) and Epidemiology (M.C.C.-B., O.H.F., B.H.C.S., G.G.B., L.L., A.H., F.R., A.G.U., M.C.Z.), Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Respiratory Medicine (G.G.B., L.L.), Ghent University Hospital, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Departments of Respiratory Medicine (G.G.B.) and Psychiatric Epidemiology (H.T.), Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and Netherlands Genomics Initiative-Sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing (M.C.C.-B., L.O., O.H.F., A.H., F.R., A.G.U., M.C.Z.), 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
Context:
Low bone mineral density (BMD) has been associated with increased all-cause mortality. Cause-specific mortality studies have been controversial.
Objective:
The aim of the study was to investigate associations between BMD and all-cause mortality and in-depth cause-specific mortality.
Design And Setting:
We studied two cohorts from the prospective Rotterdam Study (RS), initiated in 1990 (RS-I) and 2000 (RS-II) with average follow-up of 17.1 (RS-I) and 10.2 (RS-II) years until January 2011. Baseline femoral neck BMD was analyzed in SD values. Deaths were classified according to International Classification of Diseases into seven groups: cardiovascular diseases, cancer, infections, external, dementia, chronic lung diseases, and other causes. Gender-stratified Cox and competing-risks models were adjusted for age, body mass index, and smoking.
Participants:
The study included 5779 subjects from RS-I and 2055 from RS-II.
Main Outcome Measurements:
We measured all-cause and cause-specific mortality.
Results:
A significant inverse association between BMD and all-cause mortality was found in males [expressed as hazard ratio (95% confidence interval)]: RS-I, 1.07 (1.01-1.13), P = .020; RS-II, 1.31 (1.12-1.55), P = .001); but it was not found in females: RS-I, 1.05 (0.99-1.11), P = .098; RS-II, 0.91 (0.74-1.12), P = .362. An inverse association with chronic lung disease mortality was found in males [RS-I, 1.75 (1.34-2.29), P < .001; RS-II, 2.15 (1.05-4.42), P = .037] and in RS-I in females [1.72 (1.16-2.57); P = .008], persisting after multiple adjustments and excluding prevalent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A positive association between BMD and cancer mortality was detected in females in RS-I [0.89 (0.80-0.99); P = .043]. No association was found with cardiovascular mortality.
Conclusions:
BMD is inversely associated with mortality. The strong association of BMD with chronic lung disease mortality is a novel finding that needs further analysis to clarify underlying mechanisms.
More Related Videos
08:17Generation of a Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Model in Mice by Repeated Ozone Exposure
Published on: August 25, 2017
04:24Proper Positioning and Restraint of a Rat Hind Limb for Focused High Resolution Imaging of Bone Micro-architecture Using In Vivo Micro-computed Tomography
Published on: November 22, 2017
Related Concept Videos
01:27Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-IV: Assessement and Diagnostic Studies
Medical History
01:24Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features
01:23Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction
01:29Bone Disorders
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
01:25Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-III: Symptoms and Complications.
Symptoms of COPD can be classified as primary or systemic. Primary symptoms relate to reduced airflow, while systemic or extrapulmonary symptoms relate to COPD's broader impact on the body.
Primary Symptoms of COPD:
01:26COPD: Management Using Bronchodilators and Corticosteroids