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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

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Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
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Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

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Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
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Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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Forced Transdifferentiation01:28

Forced Transdifferentiation

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Transdifferentiation, also known as lineage reprogramming, was first discovered by Selman and Kafatos in 1974 in silkmoths. They observed that the moths’ cuticle-producing cells transformed into salt-producing cells. Many such cases of natural transdifferentiation occur in organisms. In humans, pancreatic alpha cells can become beta cells. In newts, the loss of the eye’s lens causes the pigmented epithelial cells to transdifferentiate into the lens cells.
Artificial...
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Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
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Neuroplasticity01:01

Neuroplasticity

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Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
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Updated: May 2, 2026

Author Spotlight: Reprogramming Cancer Cells to iPSCs to Study Disease Progression and Treatment Targets
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Author Spotlight: Reprogramming Cancer Cells to iPSCs to Study Disease Progression and Treatment Targets

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Reprogramming can be a transforming experience.

Robin M Hobbs1, Jose M Polo1

  • 1Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, VIC, Australia.

Cell Stem Cell
|March 11, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nuclear reprogramming factors that create pluripotent stem cells can also initiate tumors. This finding formalizes the link between reprogramming and cancer development in vivo.

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Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Cancer research
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Nuclear reprogramming aims to induce pluripotency in somatic cells.
  • Similarities between reprogramming and cancer development have been observed.
  • Previous research hinted at a shared molecular basis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of reprogramming transcription factors in tumor initiation.
  • To formalize the connection between pluripotency induction and tumorigenesis.
  • To explore the in vivo consequences of reprogramming factor expression.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing established reprogramming transcription factors.
  • Employing in vivo models to assess tumor formation.
  • Analyzing the oncogenic potential of specific factors.

Main Results:

  • The same transcription factors used for reprogramming drive tumor initiation.
  • Expression of pluripotency factors in vivo leads to cancer.
  • Demonstrated a direct causal link between reprogramming and tumorigenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Reprogramming factors possess oncogenic capabilities.
  • The processes of reprogramming and tumorigenesis share key molecular drivers.
  • This discovery has significant implications for regenerative medicine and cancer therapy.