Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Understanding Self-Concept01:20

Understanding Self-Concept

497
The self-concept encompasses individuals' beliefs about themselves, structured through cognitive frameworks known as self-schemas. These schemas function as mental representations of specific traits or behaviors, influencing how self-relevant information is perceived, processed, and remembered. For example, individuals who are schematic for body weight are more likely to interpret routine experiences—such as dining out or shopping—through the lens of that trait. Conversely, those...
497
Impact of Schemas01:30

Impact of Schemas

319
Schemas are cognitive structures that provide a framework for interpreting and organizing social information. They help individuals navigate complex environments by offering expectations about people, events, and behaviors. Schemas influence attention, encoding, and retrieval processes, thereby shaping the entire trajectory of information processing in social contexts.Attention and Cognitive LoadDuring initial attention, schemas function as filters that prioritize schema-consistent information,...
319
Understanding the Self01:28

Understanding the Self

473
The self is a central aspect of human identity, encompassing an individual’s beliefs, emotions, perceptions, and experiences. It is a cognitive and psychological construct that enables individuals to interpret their traits and behaviors, influencing how they perceive themselves and interact with the world. While personality consists of stable and enduring characteristics, the self is shaped by self-perception and social experiences. This distinction highlights the dynamic nature of the...
473
Storage01:23

Storage

532
A schema is a mental framework that helps individuals organize and interpret information. Schemata, formed from previous experiences, influence how we process new information: how we encode it, the inferences we make, and how we retrieve it. For instance, a schema for what a typical classroom looks like might include desks, a teacher's desk, a whiteboard, and students in such an environment. This expectation helps us quickly understand and navigate new classrooms without needing to analyze...
532
Retrieval01:12

Retrieval

588
Retrieval is the process of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness. This ability is essential for daily tasks like brushing hair and teeth, driving to work, and performing job duties. Retrieval occurs in three ways: recall, recognition, and relearning.
Recall involves accessing information without cues, such as during an essay test, where individuals must retrieve facts and concepts from memory unaided. Another example is remembering the name of a colleague...
588
Self-Awareness and Its Effects01:21

Self-Awareness and Its Effects

416
Self-awareness is a psychological state in which the individual becomes the focal point of their attention. This inward focus transforms the self into an object of contemplation and assessment, influencing how individuals perceive their actions and their alignment with personal and societal standards.Triggers and Contexts for Self-AwarenessSelf-awareness can be activated by external stimuli that make individuals visually or audibly aware of themselves, such as mirrors, cameras, or recordings.
416

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Structural and molecular determinants of medial temporal lobe network vulnerability in aging and Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's research & therapy·2026
Same author

Night-to-night rapid eye movement sleep variability: A relevant marker of early amyloid-β deposition.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same author

Altered locus coeruleus links to atrophy and hypometabolism in individuals with high Alzheimer's disease biomarkers.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same author

Biomarkers.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2025
Same author

Alzheimer's Imaging Consortium.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2025
Same author

Telomere dynamics are influenced by sleep, sleep variability and circadian rhythms in older adults with or without alzheimer's risk.

Alzheimer's research & therapy·2025
Same journal

Thymidylate synthase inhibitory drugs induce p53-dependent pathways differently.

PloS one·2026
Same journal

Top-down and bottom-up attention for joint pattern classification and reconstruction.

PloS one·2026
Same journal

Short- and long-term scaling behavior of blood pressure and pulse arrival time during sleep in healthy controls and patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

PloS one·2026
Same journal

Double DQN-based secrecy energy efficiency and fairness performance in IRS-assisted NOMA systems with friendly jamming.

PloS one·2026
Same journal

10 recommendations for strengthening citizen science for improved societal and ecological outcomes: A co-produced analysis of challenges and opportunities in the 21st century.

PloS one·2026
Same journal

Paying in public: Peer effects, impression management, and willingness to pay on digital payment platforms.

PloS one·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection
11:30

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection

Published on: August 26, 2011

9.6K

Brain activity and functional coupling changes associated with self-reference effect during both encoding and

Nastassja Morel1, Nicolas Villain1, Géraldine Rauchs1

  • 1Inserm, U1077, Caen, France; Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR-S1077, Caen, France; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, UMR-S1077, Caen, France; CHU de Caen, U1077, Caen, France.

Plos One
|March 11, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Self-Reference Effect (SRE) enhances memory by linking information to oneself. Brain imaging reveals this effect primarily involves changes during memory encoding, not retrieval.

More Related Videos

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion
15:57

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion

Published on: May 4, 2011

15.9K
Investigating the Function of Deep Cortical and Subcortical Structures Using Stereotactic Electroencephalography: Lessons from the Anterior Cingulate Cortex
09:00

Investigating the Function of Deep Cortical and Subcortical Structures Using Stereotactic Electroencephalography: Lessons from the Anterior Cingulate Cortex

Published on: April 15, 2015

12.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 2, 2026

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection
11:30

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection

Published on: August 26, 2011

9.6K
Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion
15:57

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion

Published on: May 4, 2011

15.9K
Investigating the Function of Deep Cortical and Subcortical Structures Using Stereotactic Electroencephalography: Lessons from the Anterior Cingulate Cortex
09:00

Investigating the Function of Deep Cortical and Subcortical Structures Using Stereotactic Electroencephalography: Lessons from the Anterior Cingulate Cortex

Published on: April 15, 2015

12.1K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Self-Referential Processing (SRP) improves memory recall compared to non-self-related information.
  • The underlying neural mechanisms of the Self-Reference Effect (SRE) remain largely unexplored.
  • Understanding SRE's neural basis is crucial for cognitive and memory research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural activity and functional connectivity changes associated with SRE.
  • To differentiate the roles of encoding and retrieval processes in the SRE.
  • To identify the brain regions and their interactions contributing to SRE.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) with an event-related self-referential paradigm.
  • Scanned 30 healthy young adults performing encoding and retrieval tasks.
  • Compared brain activity during self-relevant information processing versus a semantic control condition.

Main Results:

  • SRE was linked to significant brain changes exclusively during the encoding phase.
  • Increased activity was observed in the medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus during encoding.
  • Enhanced functional coupling occurred between medial prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and posterior cingulate cortex.

Conclusions:

  • SRE's neural substrates involve brain regions critical for self-referential processing and episodic memory.
  • Effective communication between these regions during encoding is key to the SRE.
  • SRE may result from self-related memory reactivation enhancing new episodic memory encoding.