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Parallel geographic variation in Drosophila melanogaster.

Josie A Reinhardt1, Bryan Kolaczkowski, Corbin D Jones

  • 1Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599.

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The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster shows similar genetic adaptations to latitude across continents, indicating widespread selection on standing ancestral variation. This parallel adaptation occurs genome-wide, even for weakly differentiated variants.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genomics
  • Population Genetics

Background:

  • Drosophila melanogaster, originating in Africa, has globally dispersed, becoming a model for studying local adaptation.
  • Previous research identified shared phenotypic clines in non-African populations, suggesting parallel adaptation.
  • Genomic-level evidence for shared latitudinal differentiation remained unaddressed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comparatively analyze shared latitudinal differentiation at the genomic level in Drosophila melanogaster populations.
  • To investigate the extent of parallel genomic adaptation across continents.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative genomic analysis of Drosophila melanogaster populations from different latitudes.
  • Examination of latitudinal variation and genetic differentiation patterns.

Main Results:

  • Substantial shared selection responses were detected on two continents, likely from selection on standing ancestral variation.
  • The inversion In(3R)P influences the pattern, but parallel adaptation is also evident in non-inversion regions.
  • Parallel latitudinal differentiation was observed even for weakly differentiated variants.

Conclusions:

  • Drosophila melanogaster exhibits significant parallel latitudinal differentiation at the genomic level across continents.
  • Selection on standing ancestral variation is a probable driver of these shared adaptation patterns.
  • A large number of polymorphisms are likely targets of spatially varying selection in this species.