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Fast and Specific Assessment of the Halogenating Peroxidase Activity in Leukocyte-enriched Blood Samples

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Limonene hydroperoxide analogues show specific patch test reactions.

Johanna Bråred Christensson¹, Staffan Hellsén, Anna Börje

¹Dermatochemistry and Skin Allergy, Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Dermatology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.

Contact Dermatitis

|March 12, 2014

Summary

Limonene-1-hydroperoxide caused more allergic reactions in dermatitis patients than limonene-2-hydroperoxide. This highlights oxidized limonene

Keywords:

allergic contact dermatitis autoxidation contact allergy fragrances hydroperoxides limonene patch testing

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Area of Science:

Allergy and Immunology
Dermatology
Chemical Sensitization

Background:

Fragrance terpene R-limonene is a weak sensitizer but forms allergenic oxidation products.
Limonene hydroperoxides are primary oxidation products impacting sensitization potency.
Limonene-1-hydroperoxide is a more potent sensitizer than limonene-2-hydroperoxide.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate patient reactivity to limonene-1-hydroperoxide and limonene-2-hydroperoxide.
Assess the allergenic potential of these structurally similar limonene hydroperoxides.

Main Methods:

Patch testing 763 dermatitis patients with limonene-1-hydroperoxide and limonene-2-hydroperoxide (0.5% in petrolatum).
Included oxidized R-limonene (3.0% pet.) as a comparator.
Evaluated patient responses to fragrance markers.

Main Results:

Limonene-1-hydroperoxide elicited the highest positive patch test reactions (2.4%).
Limonene-2-hydroperoxide and oxidized R-limonene showed lower reaction rates (1.7% and 1.2%).
Frequent concomitant reactions to other fragrance markers were observed.

Conclusions:

Limonene-1-hydroperoxide induced more positive reactions than limonene-2-hydroperoxide in patients.
Results support the specific allergenic activity of limonene hydroperoxide analogues.
Oxidized limonene is confirmed as a significant cause of contact allergy.