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Updated: May 2, 2026

Isometric and Eccentric Force Generation Assessment of Skeletal Muscles Isolated from Murine Models of Muscular Dystrophies
Published on: January 31, 2013
Hill-type muscle model with serial damping and eccentric force-velocity relation
D F B Haeufle1, M Günther2, A Bayer1
1Universität Stuttgart, Institut für Sport- und Bewegungswissenschaft, Allmandring 28, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
Abstract:
Hill-type muscle models are commonly used in biomechanical simulations to predict passive and active muscle forces. Here, a model is presented which consists of four elements: a contractile element with force-length and force-velocity relations for concentric and eccentric contractions, a parallel elastic element, a series elastic element, and a serial damping element. With this, it combines previously published effects relevant for muscular contraction, i.e. serial damping and eccentric force-velocity relation. The model is exemplarily applied to arm movements. The more realistic representation of the eccentric force-velocity relation results in human-like elbow-joint flexion. The model is provided as ready to use Matlab and Simulink code.
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