Gradient-echo in-phase and opposed-phase chemical shift imaging: role in evaluating bone marrow
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Updated: May 2, 2026
Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Skeletal Muscle Disease
Published on: December 18, 2016
D Dreizin1, S Ahlawat1, F Del Grande2
1Department of Radiology, John Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Abstract:
Chemical shift imaging (CSI) provides valuable information for assessing the bone marrow, while adding little to total examination time. In this article, we review the uses of CSI for evaluating bone marrow abnormalities. CSI can be used for differentiating marrow-replacing lesions from a range of non-marrow-replacing processes, although the sequence is associated with technical limitations and pitfalls. Particularly at 3 T, susceptibility artefacts are prevalent, and optimal technical parameters must be implemented with appropriate choices for echo times.
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