Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 2, 2026

Efficient Sampling of Genetically Encoded Biosensor Design Space Enabled with a Design of Experiments and Automation Workflow
Published on: October 17, 2025
A practical approach to automate randomized design of experiments for ligand-binding assays
Jennifer Tsoi1, Vimal Patel, Judy Shih
1Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. jtsoi@mednet.ucla.edu.
Background:
Design of experiments (DOE) is utilized in optimizing ligand-binding assay by modeling factor effects. To reduce the analyst's workload and error inherent with DOE, we propose the integration of automated liquid handlers to perform the randomized designs.
Results:
A randomized design created from statistical software was imported into custom macro converting the design into a liquid-handler worklist to automate reagent delivery. An optimized assay was transferred to a contract research organization resulting in a successful validation.
Conclusion:
We developed a practical solution for assay optimization by integrating DOE and automation to increase assay robustness and enable successful method transfer. The flexibility of this process allows it to be applied to a variety of assay designs.
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