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Visual servoing in medical robotics: a survey. Part II: tomographic imaging modalities--techniques and applications
Mahdi Azizian1, Nima Najmaei, Mahta Khoshnam
1Intuitive Surgical Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA.
Background:
Intraoperative application of tomographic imaging techniques provides a means of visual servoing for objects beneath the surface of organs.
Methods:
The focus of this survey is on therapeutic and diagnostic medical applications where tomographic imaging is used in visual servoing. To this end, a comprehensive search of the electronic databases was completed for the period 2000-2013.
Results:
Existing techniques and products are categorized and studied, based on the imaging modality and their medical applications. This part complements Part I of the survey, which covers visual servoing techniques using endoscopic imaging and direct vision.
Conclusion:
The main challenges in using visual servoing based on tomographic images have been identified. 'Supervised automation of medical robotics' is found to be a major trend in this field and ultrasound is the most commonly used tomographic modality for visual servoing.
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