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Arthropods vector grapevine trunk disease pathogens.
Phytopathology
|March 15, 2014
Summary
Arthropods like ants and millipedes can spread grapevine trunk diseases by carrying and transmitting pathogens. Their excreta also contain viable spores, highlighting the need for integrated pest management during pruning.
Area of Science:
- Plant Pathology
- Entomology
- Viticulture
Background:
- Arthropod-mediated pathogen dispersal is common in crops but unproven for grapevine trunk diseases.
- Petri disease and esca are significant grapevine trunk diseases impacting viticulture.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate arthropod transmission of grapevine trunk disease pathogens.
- To identify specific arthropod vectors and assess their role in disease spread.
Main Methods:
- Screening vineyard arthropods for trunk disease pathogens using cultural and molecular methods.
- Assessing the inoculation capability of identified pathogen-carrying arthropods on healthy grapevines.
- Investigating millipede excreta as a potential inoculum source.
Main Results:
- Diverse arthropods on declining grapevines carried trunk disease pathogens.
- Ants (Crematogaster peringueyi) and millipedes (Ommattoiulus moreleti) were abundant carriers, feeding on pruning wounds and transmitting pathogens.
- Millipede excreta contained viable Phaeomoniella chlamydospora spores, acting as an inoculum source.
Conclusions:
- Numerous arthropods, including predators, are potential vectors for grapevine trunk diseases.
- Targeted management of ants and millipedes during pruning is crucial to limit disease spread.
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