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Occupational sensitivity to Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) (lesser mealworm)
D C Schroeckenstein1, S Meier-Davis, F M Graziano
1Allergy Section, William S. Middleton Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, WI 53705.
The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
|December 1, 1988
Summary
Occupational exposure to the grain beetle Alphitobius diaperinus can cause allergic reactions. This study identifies specific IgE antibodies and allergenic proteins in larval, pupal, and adult stages, confirming sensitivity.
Area of Science:
- Allergy and Immunology
- Occupational Health
- Entomology
Background:
- Alphitobius diaperinus (lesser mealworm) is prevalent in grain storage and poultry facilities.
- Occupational exposure to insects can lead to allergic diseases.
Observation:
- Three individuals with occupational exposure to A. diaperinus presented with asthma, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, urticaria, and angioedema.
- Skin prick tests and specific IgE antibody assays (RAST/radioimmunoassay) were positive for all life stages.
- Histamine release from peripheral blood leukocytes was observed in two individuals.
Findings:
- Immunologic cross-reactivity was confirmed between larval, pupal, and adult A. diaperinus extracts.
- Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis identified distinct protein separation patterns for each life stage.
- Specific IgE-binding proteins were identified at 90 kDa (larval), 90, 64, and 38 kDa (pupal), and 84 kDa (adult), with other allergenic proteins also noted.
Implications:
- This study is the first to describe IgE-mediated hypersensitivity to A. diaperinus.
- Findings highlight the potential for A. diaperinus to act as an occupational allergen.
- Further research into A. diaperinus allergens may inform prevention and treatment strategies for exposed workers.
