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Phylogenomics and the dynamic genome evolution of the genus Streptococcus
Vincent P Richards1, Sara R Palmer, Paulina D Pavinski Bitar
1Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University.
Genome Biology and Evolution
|March 15, 2014
Summary
Genomic analysis of Streptococcus reveals dynamic evolution with gene gain, loss, and expansion. Despite extensive lateral gene transfer, key biochemical traits persist, ensuring group cohesion.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Genomics
- Evolutionary Biology
Background:
- The genus Streptococcus includes significant human pathogens and agricultural pests.
- Understanding Streptococcus evolution is crucial for public health and economic reasons.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide the first genomic-level insight into the evolutionary history of Streptococcus.
- To investigate the genetic basis of functional diversity across major Streptococcus groups.
Main Methods:
- Comparative genomics using 46 Streptococcus genome sequences (44 species).
- Gene gain/loss analysis to track genome evolution.
- Phylogenetic mapping of gene ontology terms and lateral gene transfer (LGT).
Main Results:
- Streptococcus genomes show dynamic evolution: initial gene gain, followed by loss, then expansion.
- A significant portion of the pan-genome has undergone LGT, influenced by relatedness and environment.
- Specific biochemical characteristics (e.g., proteolysis, urea metabolism) are conserved within major groups despite LGT.
Conclusions:
- Streptococcus evolution is characterized by a dynamic expansion and streamlining process.
- Genomic cohesiveness and conserved biochemical traits are fundamental to Streptococcus group identity.
- LGT plays a significant role in Streptococcus evolution, but core functions remain stable.
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