Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

4.9K
Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
4.9K
Introduction to Joints00:58

Introduction to Joints

4.8K
The adult human body usually has 206 bones, and except for the hyoid bone in the neck, each bone is connected to at least one other bone. Joints are the location where bones come together. Many joints allow for movement between the bones. At these joints, the articulating surfaces of the adjacent bones can move smoothly against each other. However, the bones of other joints may be joined by connective tissue or cartilage. These joints are designed for stability and provide little or no...
4.8K
Method of Joints: Problem Solving II01:30

Method of Joints: Problem Solving II

1.7K
Consider a truss structure with frictionless joints fixed to a wall and roller support. If a force of 150 N is applied to joint A, the forces in each member of the truss can be determined using the method of joints.
1.7K
Method of Joints: Problem Solving I01:30

Method of Joints: Problem Solving I

1.9K
The method of joints is a commonly used technique to analyze the forces in structural trusses. The method is based on the principle of equilibrium, which assumes that the truss members are connected by frictionless pins. The forces at each joint can be determined by considering the equilibrium of the forces acting on that joint. Consider a truss structure with two forces of 20 N and 10 N acting at joints C and D, respectively. The method of joints can be used to determine the forces FCB, FDC,...
1.9K
Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

3.4K
The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
3.4K
Joints01:26

Joints

28.7K
Joints, also called articulations or articular surfaces, are points at which ligaments or other tissues connect adjacent bones. Joints permit movement and stability, and can be classified based on their structure or function.
Structural joint classifications are based on the material that makes up the joint as well as whether or not the joint contains a space between the bones. Joints are structurally classified as fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial.
Fibrous Joints Are Immovable
The bones of a...
28.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Effect of Insoles on Plantar Fascia Tension During Running in Individuals with Flatfoot.

Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association·2026
Same author

Association Between Individual Functional Movement Screen™ Tasks and Sports Injury Occurrence in University Basketball Players: A Prospective Cohort Study.

International journal of sports physical therapy·2026
Same author

A composite measure of cerebral small vessel disease predicts cognitive change after stroke.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same author

Physical Therapy Management of Children With Developmental Coordination Disorder: A 2026 Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline From the American Physical Therapy Association Academy of Pediatric Physical Therapy.

Pediatric physical therapy : the official publication of the Section on Pediatrics of the American Physical Therapy Association·2026
Same author

CALM-VLM: CALIBRATION AND SELECTIVE PREDICTION IN VISION-LANGUAGE MODELS FOR RELIABLE BRAIN MRI CLASSIFICATION.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Concurrent validity and agreement of Bayley-4, AIMS, and HINE assessments in 1-year-old children.

Developmental medicine and child neurology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

Quantifying Learning in Young Infants: Tracking Leg Actions During a Discovery-learning Task
11:18

Quantifying Learning in Young Infants: Tracking Leg Actions During a Discovery-learning Task

Published on: June 1, 2015

10.3K

Infant exploratory learning: influence on leg joint coordination.

Barbara Sargent1, Nicolas Schweighofer2, Masayoshi Kubo3

  • 1Division of Biokinesiology & Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.

Plos One
|March 15, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Three-month-old infants can learn to activate a mobile through leg movements. Infants who learned the contingency showed distinct changes in foot movement and joint coordination, suggesting potential for rehabilitation.

More Related Videos

A Fine Motor Task to Study Joint Kinematics in a Preclinical Model of Neurodegenerative Disease
05:39

A Fine Motor Task to Study Joint Kinematics in a Preclinical Model of Neurodegenerative Disease

Published on: June 13, 2025

1.0K
Studying the Neural Basis of Adaptive Locomotor Behavior in Insects
10:19

Studying the Neural Basis of Adaptive Locomotor Behavior in Insects

Published on: April 13, 2011

14.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 2, 2026

Quantifying Learning in Young Infants: Tracking Leg Actions During a Discovery-learning Task
11:18

Quantifying Learning in Young Infants: Tracking Leg Actions During a Discovery-learning Task

Published on: June 1, 2015

10.3K
A Fine Motor Task to Study Joint Kinematics in a Preclinical Model of Neurodegenerative Disease
05:39

A Fine Motor Task to Study Joint Kinematics in a Preclinical Model of Neurodegenerative Disease

Published on: June 13, 2025

1.0K
Studying the Neural Basis of Adaptive Locomotor Behavior in Insects
10:19

Studying the Neural Basis of Adaptive Locomotor Behavior in Insects

Published on: April 13, 2011

14.1K

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Motor Control
  • Infant Learning

Background:

  • Understanding how infants develop task-specific actions from spontaneous movements is crucial.
  • Previous studies used contingent reinforcement for leg action, but infant strategies remain unclear.
  • Limited research exists on infants discovering action-outcome contingencies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess 3-month-old infants' ability to learn a leg-action-contingent mobile activation via discovery.
  • To identify motor strategies (foot variance, joint coordination) employed by infants who learned the contingency.

Main Methods:

  • Fourteen 3-month-old infants participated in two daily sessions of mobile reinforcement.
  • A virtual threshold was used to link leg action to mobile activation.
  • Analysis focused on end-effector (feet) variance and hip-knee joint coordination.

Main Results:

  • Five out of fourteen infants met individual learning criteria for the contingency.
  • Learners showed increased vertical foot movement variance and decreased in-phase hip-knee coordination on Day 2 compared to Day 1.
  • Infants who did not learn the contingency did not exhibit these motor strategy changes.

Conclusions:

  • Three-month-old infants can discover specific action-outcome contingencies through self-initiated exploration.
  • Learning the contingency is associated with distinct changes in motor control strategies.
  • Findings suggest potential for early intervention and rehabilitation of atypical infant leg movements.