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Related Concept Videos

Atypical Pneumonia01:14

Atypical Pneumonia

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Atypical pneumonia, often caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, is a form of pulmonary infection that differs from the classical presentation of bacterial pneumonia in both its cause and clinical symptoms. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pleomorphic bacterium notable for its lack of a rigid cell wall. This structural characteristic imparts resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and significantly influences the bacterium’s behavior within the human host.Other pathogens responsible for the disease...
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Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

Pneumonia I: Introduction

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Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
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Pneumonia I: Introduction01:29

Pneumonia I: Introduction

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Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

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Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...
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Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology01:29

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

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The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
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Bacterial Phylum Tenericutes01:24

Bacterial Phylum Tenericutes

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The phylum Tenericutes, which includes the single class Mollicutes, comprises bacteria that lack cell walls. The term "Mollicutes" derives from the Latin word mollis, meaning "soft." These organisms are among the smallest known and are commonly referred to as mycoplasmas due to the prominence of the genus Mycoplasma, which includes well-known human pathogens. Despite their inability to stain gram-positively (a result of their lack of cell walls), mycoplasmas are phylogenetically related to the...
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Antigen-Capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Specific Detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae
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Mycoplasma pneumonia-associated mucositis.

Cyril Varghese1, Korosh Sharain, Joseph Skalski

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA.

BMJ Case Reports
|March 15, 2014
PubMed
Summary

A rare Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection caused severe eye and mouth sores in a young man. Prompt treatment with corticosteroids and supportive care led to a near-full recovery within six weeks.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Mucositis, particularly severe forms, can significantly impact patient quality of life and require complex management.
  • Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common respiratory pathogen, but its extrapulmonary manifestations are less frequently encountered.
  • Ophthalmic involvement in mucositis can lead to vision-threatening complications if not managed promptly.

Observation:

  • A young male presented with severe ophthalmic and oral mucositis following an upper respiratory tract infection.
  • The mucositis was notably localized, sparing other cutaneous, genital, and perianal areas.
  • The patient exhibited progressive, vision-threatening symptoms despite initial antibiotic and supportive treatments.

Findings:

  • Investigations confirmed the mucositis as a rare extrapulmonary manifestation of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.

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  • The patient's severe symptoms necessitated aggressive treatment including intravenous corticosteroids, immunoglobulins, and ocular supportive measures.
  • Ocular interventions included temporary amniotic membrane grafts and tarsorrhaphy.

    • Implications:

    • This case highlights the importance of considering Mycoplasma pneumoniae as a potential cause of severe, isolated mucositis, even with atypical presentations.
    • Early and aggressive multimodal treatment, including immunosuppressants and surgical interventions, can be crucial for managing vision-threatening ophthalmic mucositis.
    • Further research into the pathogenesis and optimal management strategies for extrapulmonary Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections is warranted.