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Epidemics in partially overlapped multiplex networks.

Camila Buono1, Lucila G Alvarez-Zuzek1, Pablo A Macri1

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Epidemic spread on partially overlapped multiplex networks is modeled using a branching process. Even a few shared nodes significantly alter epidemic thresholds, making them discontinuous.

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Area of Science:

  • Complex networks
  • Epidemiology
  • Network science

Background:

  • Real-world networks often have a layered structure (multiplex networks) with varying topologies.
  • Nodes may not be present in all layers, leading to partially overlapped structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a theoretical framework for epidemic spread on partially overlapped multiplex networks.
  • To analyze the impact of shared nodes on epidemic thresholds.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a generalized multiplex network model with a fraction of shared nodes.
  • Developed a theoretical branching process to describe epidemic transmission.
  • Derived the fraction of infected individuals and epidemic threshold dependence on shared nodes.

Main Results:

  • Obtained the fraction of infected individuals as a function of transmission probability.
  • Determined the epidemic threshold dependence on the fraction of shared nodes in two-layer systems.
  • Found that the threshold is dominated by the layer with the smaller isolated threshold when overlap is minimal.

Conclusions:

  • Partially overlapped multiplex networks present unique epidemic dynamics.
  • Even a small fraction of shared nodes can cause discontinuous changes in epidemic thresholds.
  • The presence of shared nodes can lead to a system adopting the threshold of the more resilient layer.