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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
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Homologous Recombination02:31

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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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The Antiviral System of Bacteria and Archaea: CRISPR01:23

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CRISPR stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats is a adaptive immune system found in bacteria and archaea that protects against viral infections. This system enables prokaryotic cells to identify, remember, and neutralize foreign genetic elements, primarily bacteriophages, by storing fragments of the invader’s DNA as a genetic memory.The CRISPR immune response begins during an initial infection. Cas (CRISPR-associated) proteins play a central role in this...
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Updated: May 2, 2026

Enhanced Genome Editing with Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Diverse Cells and Organisms
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CRISPR-Cas system: a powerful tool for genome engineering.

Liang Liu1, Xiu-Duo Fan

  • 1National Centre for Molecular Crop Design, Beijing, 100085, China, ll19841008@163.com.

Plant Molecular Biology
|March 19, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The CRISPR-Cas system enables precise genome editing for research and biotechnology. This powerful gene-targeting technology offers efficient, high-throughput modification of diverse cellular systems.

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Last Updated: May 2, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Genome-wide targeted gene regulation is crucial for understanding cellular systems.
  • The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated proteins (Cas) system has emerged as a key tool.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the transformative potential of the CRISPR-Cas system for genome engineering.
  • To discuss its applications in basic science, agriculture, and biotechnology.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing RNA-mediated Cas9 endonuclease for targeted genome modification.
  • Adapting the CRISPR-Cas system for efficient and robust gene targeting.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated the ability to specifically modify intact genomes across diverse cells and organisms.
  • Showcased the system's potential for high-throughput and multiplexed genome engineering.

Conclusions:

  • The CRISPR-Cas system represents a significant advancement in gene-targeting technology.
  • Its versatility offers broad applications across scientific and industrial fields.