Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Bacterial Virulence01:28

Regulation of Bacterial Virulence

76
Pathogenic bacteria employ a range of regulatory mechanisms to modulate the expression of virulence genes in response to environmental and host-derived signals. These mechanisms ensure that virulence factors are expressed only under favorable conditions, thereby optimizing infection and survival strategies.Mechanisms of Virulence RegulationKey regulatory strategies include:Two-Component Systems: These consist of a membrane-bound sensor kinase and a cytoplasmic response regulator. Environmental...
76
Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing01:28

Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing

954
Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...
954
Stringent Response in E. coli01:23

Stringent Response in E. coli

528
Bacterial growth is closely tied to nutrient availability, with cells proliferating exponentially under favorable conditions and entering a stationary phase when resources become scarce. This transition is mediated by a regulatory mechanism known as the stringent response, which allows bacteria to adapt to nutrient deprivation by modulating gene expression and metabolic activity.During nutrient scarcity, intracellular amino acid levels decline. It results in the accumulation of uncharged tRNAs...
528
Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors01:58

Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors

20.1K
The organization of prokaryotic genes in their genome is notably different from that of eukaryotes. Prokaryotic genes are organized, such that the genes for proteins involved in the same biochemical process or function are located together in groups. This group of genes, along with their regulatory elements, are collectively known as an operon. The functional genes in an operon are transcribed together to give a single strand of mRNA known as polycistronic mRNA.
Transcription of prokaryotic...
20.1K
Carbohydrate Metabolism01:36

Carbohydrate Metabolism

10.4K
Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
10.4K
Carbohydrate Metabolism01:36

Carbohydrate Metabolism

10.5K
10.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Evaluation of Noble Metal Complexes with 2‑(1-Benzyl‑1<i>H</i>‑1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)pyridine Ligand: An Interesting Class of Metallo-antimicrobial and -antitumor Agents.

ACS omega·2026
Same author

Microbiome signatures correlate with diet-mediated ADHD symptom reduction.

Gut microbes·2026
Same author

The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of gut health.

Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology·2026
Same author

Genome-wide Identification of conditionally essential genes supporting <i>Streptococcus suis</i> growth in serum and cerebrospinal fluid.

Virulence·2025
Same author

Cas9 modulates <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> virulence traits inside intestinal epithelial cells.

Microbiology (Reading, England)·2025
Same author

Photodynamic Therapy Modulates pri-miRNA Expression in <i>C. albicans</i>-Infected HEK-293 Cells: An In Vitro Study.

Current issues in molecular biology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

A Fluorescence-based Method to Study Bacterial Gene Regulation in Infected Tissues
07:10

A Fluorescence-based Method to Study Bacterial Gene Regulation in Infected Tissues

Published on: February 19, 2019

8.3K

Carbohydrate availability regulates virulence gene expression in Streptococcus suis.

M Laura Ferrando1, Peter van Baarlen2, Germano Orrù3

  • 1Host-Microbe Interactomics, Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Plos One
|March 20, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Dietary carbohydrates significantly impact Streptococcus suis virulence. Utilizing α-glucans like starch/pullulan, rather than glucose, upregulates key virulence genes and toxin production in this swine pathogen.

More Related Videos

Biochemical and Structural Characterization of the Carbohydrate Transport Substrate-binding-protein SP0092
08:53

Biochemical and Structural Characterization of the Carbohydrate Transport Substrate-binding-protein SP0092

Published on: October 2, 2017

32.5K
Intracranial Subarachnoidal Route of Infection for Investigating Roles of Streptococcus suis Biofilms in Meningitis in a Mouse Infection Model
07:26

Intracranial Subarachnoidal Route of Infection for Investigating Roles of Streptococcus suis Biofilms in Meningitis in a Mouse Infection Model

Published on: July 1, 2018

6.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 2, 2026

A Fluorescence-based Method to Study Bacterial Gene Regulation in Infected Tissues
07:10

A Fluorescence-based Method to Study Bacterial Gene Regulation in Infected Tissues

Published on: February 19, 2019

8.3K
Biochemical and Structural Characterization of the Carbohydrate Transport Substrate-binding-protein SP0092
08:53

Biochemical and Structural Characterization of the Carbohydrate Transport Substrate-binding-protein SP0092

Published on: October 2, 2017

32.5K
Intracranial Subarachnoidal Route of Infection for Investigating Roles of Streptococcus suis Biofilms in Meningitis in a Mouse Infection Model
07:26

Intracranial Subarachnoidal Route of Infection for Investigating Roles of Streptococcus suis Biofilms in Meningitis in a Mouse Infection Model

Published on: July 1, 2018

6.4K

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Microbiology
  • Bacterial Pathogenesis
  • Animal Science

Background:

  • Streptococcus suis is a significant bacterial pathogen in pigs, causing economic losses and posing an emerging threat to human health.
  • Oropharyngeal colonization by S. suis is a primary risk factor for invasive disease.
  • Carbohydrate availability in the oropharynx influences the expression of S. suis virulence factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of different carbon sources on the expression of Streptococcus suis virulence genes.
  • To elucidate the role of carbon catabolite repression in S. suis virulence.
  • To develop a model for understanding S. suis virulence mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Biochemical analyses
  • Bioinformatic analyses
  • In vitro gene expression studies
  • In vivo gene expression studies

Main Results:

  • Expression of 19 S. suis virulence genes involved in adhesion and invasion was higher with starch/pullulan compared to glucose.
  • Suilysin toxin production increased over ten-fold when S. suis utilized pullulan in low glucose conditions.
  • A biological model was developed demonstrating carbon catabolite repression's effect on virulence gene expression.

Conclusions:

  • Carbohydrate availability profoundly affects S. suis virulence gene expression.
  • Modulating animal feed composition offers a potential strategy for controlling S. suis infections.
  • Understanding virulence mechanisms is crucial for developing novel anti-infective strategies.