Perceptual and locomotor factors affect obstacle avoidance in persons with visuospatial neglect

For safe ambulation in the community, detection and avoidance of static and moving obstacles is necessary. Such abilities may be compromised by the presence of visuospatial neglect (VSN), especially when the obstacles are present in the neglected, i.e. contralesional field.

Twelve participants with VSN were tested in a virtual environment (VE) for their ability to a) detect moving obstacles (perceptuo-motor task) using a joystick with their non-paretic hand, and b) avoid collision (locomotor task) with moving obstacles while walking in the VE. The responses of the participants to obstacles approaching on the contralesional side and from head-on were compared to those during ipsilesional approaches.

Up to 67 percent of participants (8 out of 12) collided with either contralesional or head-on obstacles or both. Delay in detection (perceptuo-motor task) and execution of avoidance strategies, and smaller distances from obstacles (locomotor task) were observed for colliders compared to non-colliders. Participants' performance on the locomotor task was not explained by clinical measures of VSN but slower walkers displayed fewer collisions.

Persons with VSN are at the risk of colliding with dynamic obstacles approaching from the contralesional side and from head-on. Locomotor-specific assessments of navigational abilities are needed to appreciate the recovery achieved or challenges faced by persons with VSN.