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Updated: Mar 24, 2026

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Outdoor bicycle training following stroke: protocol development, feasibility testing and application guidelines.

Myriam Villeneuve1,2, Julie Piché2, Antoinette Busch1

  • 1School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences
|March 23, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study developed and tested a new outdoor cycling training protocol for stroke survivors with hemiparesis. The program proved feasible and acceptable, improving cycling confidence and goal achievement.

Keywords:
cerebrovascular accidentcyclingfeasibilityleisureprotocolrehabilitation

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Rehabilitation Medicine
  • Sports Science

Background:

  • Cycling offers significant health benefits, with indoor cycling gaining traction in stroke rehabilitation.
  • Standardized protocols for outdoor bicycle training in stroke survivors are currently lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a structured, group-based outdoor cycling skills training protocol for individuals with post-stroke hemiparesis.
  • To assess the feasibility of this novel training protocol in stroke participants.

Main Methods:

  • A training protocol and progression criteria were generated based on existing literature and expertise.
  • Five stroke participants underwent a three-week program with nine sessions.
  • Feasibility was evaluated through adherence, progression, adverse events, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy measures.

Main Results:

  • A four-module protocol was developed, accommodating rapid participant progression.
  • Participants demonstrated high adherence and acceptability with minimal adverse events.
  • Significant improvements were noted in Goal Attainment Scale (GAS) and Cycling Confidence Scale (CCS) scores.

Conclusions:

  • This study presents the first openly available stroke-specific outdoor cycling training protocol.
  • The intervention is feasible, acceptable, and enhances outdoor cycling proficiency in stroke survivors.
  • Further research may explore broader impacts on mobility and participation.