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Related Concept Videos

Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

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Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
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Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

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Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
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Hepatic Encephalopathy01:29

Hepatic Encephalopathy

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DefinitionHepatic encephalopathy is a reversible neurologic syndrome that results from advanced liver dysfunction or portosystemic shunting. It leads to disturbances in cognition, behavior, and motor function due to the brain’s exposure to gut-derived toxins that the liver fails to detoxify.EtiologyThis condition develops either in the setting of acute fulminant hepatitis or progressively during chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Portosystemic...
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Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

25
Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion...
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Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

59
Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
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Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

86
Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver.
86

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Related Experiment Video

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A Murine Model of Dengue Virus-induced Acute Viral Encephalitis-like Disease
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Encephalitis associated with acute hepatitis a.

Jung-Ju Lee1, Kyusik Kang1, Jong-Moo Park1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Journal of Epilepsy Research
|March 21, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) can cause encephalitis, a rare but serious brain inflammation. This case study details a patient with fever, seizures, and altered consciousness due to HAV infection.

Keywords:
EncephalitisHepatitis A virus

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Hepatology

Background:

  • Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain, typically caused by viruses.
  • Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a common cause of hepatitis but an extremely rare cause of encephalitis.

Observation:

  • A 27-year-old male presented with fever, altered consciousness, and seizures.
  • Physical examination revealed stupor and neck stiffness.
  • Laboratory tests showed elevated liver enzymes, cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities (pleocytosis, elevated protein), and positive HAV IgM antibodies.

Findings:

  • The clinical presentation and laboratory results were consistent with encephalitis.
  • The presence of HAV IgM antibodies indicated a recent Hepatitis A infection.
  • This case supports a rare association between Hepatitis A virus and encephalitis.

Implications:

  • Highlights the potential for Hepatitis A virus to cause central nervous system infections.
  • Suggests considering HAV in the differential diagnosis of encephalitis, especially in patients with concurrent liver enzyme abnormalities.
  • Further research into the pathomechanisms of HAV-induced encephalitis is warranted.