Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...

Viral Meningitis

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...

Brain Abscess l: Introduction

Brain Abscess l: Introduction

A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial...

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Neurosurgeons' perspective on surgical treatment of glioblastoma: Practices, beliefs and willingness to randomize in surgical trials.

Neuro-oncology advances·2026

Same author

Microstructure-informed biphasic-osmotic modeling of intervertebral disc degeneration.

Biomechanics and modeling in mechanobiology·2026

Same author

The European Association for Neuro-oncology (EANO) Consensus Statement on Radiation Necrosis.

Neuro-oncology·2026

Same author

Intratumoral hemorrhage in patients with brain metastasis from systemic tumors: risk factors and prognostic assessment.

Journal of neuro-oncology·2026

Same author

Clinical Implementation and Oncological Relevance of Molecular Profiling in Brain Metastases Patients-A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study.

International journal of cancer·2026

Same author

BRAF-altered glioma in adults and children: A Society for Neuro-Oncology (SNO) and European Society for Neuro-Oncology (EANO) consensus review on clinical management and future directions.

Neuro-oncology·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

Minimally Invasive Cisterna Magna Injection Model for Leptomeningeal Metastasis Studies in Mice

Minimally Invasive Cisterna Magna Injection Model for Leptomeningeal Metastasis Studies in Mice

Published on: May 23, 2025

[Leptomeningeal metastases from solid tumors].

Emilie Le Rhun, Fahed Zairi, Thomas Boulanger

La Revue Du Praticien

|March 22, 2014

Summary

Leptomeningeal metastases are increasingly diagnosed in cancer patients. Early, multidisciplinary treatment significantly improves quality of life and prolongs survival.

Area of Science:

Oncology
Neurology
Cancer Research

Context:

Increasing incidence of leptomeningeal metastases due to improved cancer patient survival.
Challenges in early diagnosis of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis.
Critical need for prompt intervention before neurological deficits arise.

Purpose:

To highlight the growing challenge of leptomeningeal metastases.
To emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and treatment.
To outline current therapeutic strategies and management approaches.

Summary:

Leptomeningeal metastases (leptomeningeal carcinomatosis) are increasingly detected in cancer patients with improved survival rates.
Untreated patients have a median survival of 4-6 weeks; specific treatments can extend this by months.

More Related Videos

A Murine Ommaya Xenograft Model to Study Direct-Targeted Therapy of Leptomeningeal Disease

A Murine Ommaya Xenograft Model to Study Direct-Targeted Therapy of Leptomeningeal Disease

Published on: January 29, 2021

Modelling Brain Metastasis: Standardized Analysis of Metastatic Colonization and Histological Growth Patterns by Stereotactic Intracortical Injection

Modelling Brain Metastasis: Standardized Analysis of Metastatic Colonization and Histological Growth Patterns by Stereotactic Intracortical Injection

Published on: January 16, 2026

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 2, 2026

Minimally Invasive Cisterna Magna Injection Model for Leptomeningeal Metastasis Studies in Mice

Minimally Invasive Cisterna Magna Injection Model for Leptomeningeal Metastasis Studies in Mice

Published on: May 23, 2025

A Murine Ommaya Xenograft Model to Study Direct-Targeted Therapy of Leptomeningeal Disease

A Murine Ommaya Xenograft Model to Study Direct-Targeted Therapy of Leptomeningeal Disease

Published on: January 29, 2021

Modelling Brain Metastasis: Standardized Analysis of Metastatic Colonization and Histological Growth Patterns by Stereotactic Intracortical Injection

Modelling Brain Metastasis: Standardized Analysis of Metastatic Colonization and Histological Growth Patterns by Stereotactic Intracortical Injection

Published on: January 16, 2026

Treatment involves a multimodal approach including chemotherapy, targeted therapies, surgery, and radiotherapy, tailored to individual patient and disease characteristics.

Impact:

Early treatment of leptomeningeal metastases is crucial for improving patient quality of life.
Multidisciplinary management optimizes patient outcomes for leptomeningeal disease.
Advances in cancer care necessitate specialized approaches for leptomeningeal metastases.