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Measuring Delay Discounting in Humans Using an Adjusting Amount Task
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Robust relation between temporal discounting rates and body mass.

David P Jarmolowicz1, J Bradley C Cherry2, Derek D Reed1

  • 1Department of Applied Behavioral Science, The University of Kansas, 4001 Dole Human Development Center, 1000 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-7555.

Appetite
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Summary

Individuals with higher body mass are more prone to choosing immediate rewards over larger, delayed ones. This temporal discounting behavior is linked to obesity and may require interventions focusing on future consequences or cognitive control.

Keywords:
Delay discountingDelayed gratificationDepressionImpulsivityObesityRisk factors

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Economics
  • Obesity Research
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Temporal discounting describes the tendency to devalue future rewards compared to immediate ones.
  • Individual differences in temporal discounting are influenced by various psychological and demographic factors.
  • The relationship between body mass and temporal discounting, considering covariates, requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the association between temporal discounting rate and body mass index (BMI).
  • To investigate the influence of demographic variables, depressive symptoms, and behavioral inhibition/approach on this relationship.
  • To understand how reward magnitude affects temporal discounting across different body mass categories.

Main Methods:

  • 100 healthy adults underwent height and weight measurements.
  • Participants completed the Monetary Choice Questionnaire to assess temporal discounting.
  • Standardized questionnaires measured depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory-II) and behavioral inhibition/approach (BIS/BAS).

Main Results:

  • Overweight and obese participants demonstrated significantly higher temporal discounting rates than underweight and healthy weight individuals.
  • Temporal discounting rates decreased with increasing delayed reward magnitude, even after controlling for covariates.
  • Higher body mass was strongly correlated with a preference for immediate monetary rewards.

Conclusions:

  • Body mass is a significant correlate of temporal discounting, suggesting a link between obesity and impulsivity.
  • Findings indicate that interventions targeting future consequences or cognitive control may aid in obesity management.
  • Further research is warranted to explore the efficacy of such interventions in obesity prevention and treatment.