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Related Concept Videos

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints01:16

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

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Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
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Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints

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As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
Synchondrosis
A synchondrosis ("joined by cartilage") is a cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. Synchondrosis may be temporary...
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Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue01:27

Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue

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Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...
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Structural Classification of Joints01:20

Structural Classification of Joints

8.0K
Joints, also known as articulations, are classified based on their structural characteristics, i.e., based on whether the articulating surfaces of the adjacent bones are directly connected by fibrous connective tissue or cartilage, or whether the articulating surfaces contact each other within a fluid-filled joint cavity. These differences serve to divide the joints of the body into three structural classifications.
A fibrous joint is where the adjacent bones are united by fibrous connective...
8.0K
Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

4.9K
Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
4.9K
Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

3.4K
The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...
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A Friction Testing-Bioreactor Device for Study of Synovial Joint Biomechanics, Mechanobiology, and Physical Regulation
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A cartilage-inspired lubrication system.

George W Greene1, Anna Olszewska, Monika Osterberg

  • 1Institute of Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia 3125. wren.greene@deakin.edu.au.

Soft Matter
|March 22, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a synthetic material mimicking natural cartilage lubrication. This cellulose-based system offers low friction and wear resistance, inspired by cartilage's multimodal lubrication strategy.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tribology
  • Biomechanical Engineering

Background:

  • Articular cartilage is a natural, highly effective lubrication system.
  • It provides low friction and wear protection under various loads and velocities.
  • Cartilage utilizes multimodal lubrication: fluid pressurization and surface-bound macromolecules.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create a synthetic material mimicking cartilage's lubrication properties.
  • To investigate cellulose fiber networks for biomimetic lubrication.
  • To understand key features for replicating cartilage's tribological system.

Main Methods:

  • Reconstituted a cellulose fiber network.
  • Immobilized polyelectrolytes onto the network.
  • Conducted friction and wear studies on the synthetic material.

Main Results:

  • The synthetic material demonstrated cartilage-like lubrication mechanisms.
  • It exhibited time-dependent friction response and high wear resistance.
  • Cellulose fiber network properties influenced lubrication and wear resistance.

Conclusions:

  • A synthetic, cartilage-mimetic lubrication system was successfully developed.
  • The study highlights the importance of specific material properties for biomimetic tribology.
  • This approach offers potential for advanced lubrication solutions.