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Interrelation between protein synthesis, proteostasis and life span.

Kristin Arnsburg1, Janine Kirstein-Miles1

  • 1Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V. Robert-Rössle-Straße 10; 13125 Berlin, Germany.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cells reduce protein synthesis to maintain protein homeostasis during stress, a process linked to increased lifespan. Understanding these regulatory pathways could offer new treatments for age-related diseases.

Keywords:
AgingChaperoneLife spanProteostasisStress responseUPR.mRNA Translation

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Protein homeostasis (proteostasis) is crucial for cellular function, involving the regulation of newly synthesized proteins.
  • Cells respond to environmental and physiological challenges like aging and proteotoxicity by regulating protein synthesis.
  • Imbalances in protein folding trigger signaling pathways to restore equilibrium, with translation control being a key regulatory node.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review cellular strategies for regulating mRNA translation under stress conditions.
  • To explore the impact of these regulatory mechanisms on cellular longevity.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes existing research on stress-induced translational control in eukaryotic cells.
  • It examines signaling pathways that modulate protein synthesis in response to proteostasis perturbations.

Main Results:

  • Translation is immediately reduced upon perturbations in protein folding equilibrium in both the cytosol and organelles.
  • This reduction in protein synthesis is a conserved cellular strategy to cope with stress.
  • Signaling pathways controlling protein synthesis are implicated in lifespan regulation.

Conclusions:

  • Regulation of mRNA translation is a critical component of the cellular stress response.
  • Targeting these pathways offers potential therapeutic strategies for age-related diseases and promoting longevity.