Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

7.1K
Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...
7.1K
The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

41.0K
The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
41.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Mechanistic basis of EMRE's essential role in the regulation of mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Self-vocalizations activate the developing auditory cortex via an intracortical pathway.

Science advances·2026
Same author

Optimization of spatial and temporal sampling resolution for optophysiology in large-scale two-photon calcium imaging.

Biomedical optics express·2026
Same author

Layer 6 corticothalamic neurons show diverse and dynamic responses that support a role in cortical gain control in noisy environments.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Granger Sensori-Behavioral Taxonomy of Neuronal Ensemble Activity from Two-Photon Calcium Imaging Data.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Robust Representation and Nonlinear Spectral Integration of Harmonic Stacks in Layer 4 of the Mouse Primary Auditory Cortex.

eNeuro·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

Multiscale Investigations of Cortical Processing by Integrating Laminar Polytrodes and Optogenetics with Micro Electrocorticography in Rodents
07:52

Multiscale Investigations of Cortical Processing by Integrating Laminar Polytrodes and Optogenetics with Micro Electrocorticography in Rodents

Published on: May 23, 2025

997

Spatial pattern of intra-laminar connectivity in supragranular mouse auditory cortex.

Paul V Watkins1, Joseph P Y Kao2, Patrick O Kanold3

  • 1Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park MD, USA.

Frontiers in Neural Circuits
|March 22, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Intracortical connections in the auditory cortex are anisotropic, with patchy organization and decreasing probability with distance. This specific connectivity pattern in layer 2/3 neurons contrasts with visual cortex, explaining tuning heterogeneity.

Keywords:
auditory cortexexcitationinhibitionintracorticalmicrocircuitmouse

More Related Videos

In Vitro Wedge Slice Preparation for Mimicking In Vivo Neuronal Circuit Connectivity
10:31

In Vitro Wedge Slice Preparation for Mimicking In Vivo Neuronal Circuit Connectivity

Published on: August 18, 2020

5.1K
Slicing the Embryonic Chicken Auditory Brainstem to Evaluate Tonotopic Gradients and Microcircuits
08:24

Slicing the Embryonic Chicken Auditory Brainstem to Evaluate Tonotopic Gradients and Microcircuits

Published on: July 12, 2022

3.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 2, 2026

Multiscale Investigations of Cortical Processing by Integrating Laminar Polytrodes and Optogenetics with Micro Electrocorticography in Rodents
07:52

Multiscale Investigations of Cortical Processing by Integrating Laminar Polytrodes and Optogenetics with Micro Electrocorticography in Rodents

Published on: May 23, 2025

997
In Vitro Wedge Slice Preparation for Mimicking In Vivo Neuronal Circuit Connectivity
10:31

In Vitro Wedge Slice Preparation for Mimicking In Vivo Neuronal Circuit Connectivity

Published on: August 18, 2020

5.1K
Slicing the Embryonic Chicken Auditory Brainstem to Evaluate Tonotopic Gradients and Microcircuits
08:24

Slicing the Embryonic Chicken Auditory Brainstem to Evaluate Tonotopic Gradients and Microcircuits

Published on: July 12, 2022

3.0K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Auditory Cortex Research
  • Cortical Connectivity

Background:

  • Neuronal responses and feature selectivity in the cerebral cortex are influenced by both ascending inputs and intracortical connections.
  • The primary auditory cortex exhibits a tonotopic organization at large scales, but this breaks down in supragranular layers at smaller scales, leading to heterogeneous tuning properties.
  • The homogeneous architecture of layer 4 suggests that heterogeneity in supragranular layers may stem from variations in ascending input or intralaminar connections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional 2-dimensional spatial connectivity patterns within the supragranular auditory cortex at micro-column scales.
  • To understand how intralaminar connections contribute to the heterogeneous tuning properties observed in the auditory cortex.
  • To compare the spatial connectivity patterns between the auditory and visual cortices.

Main Methods:

  • Functional mapping of neuronal connectivity in the supragranular layers of the mammalian auditory cortex.
  • Analysis of connection probability as a function of radial distance and orientation relative to the tonotopic axis.
  • Investigation of the spatial organization of inhibitory and excitatory synaptic inputs.
  • Comparison of connectivity patterns in auditory cortex versus visual cortex.

Main Results:

  • Connection probability generally decreases with radial distance but is steeper along the isofrequency axis, resulting in anisotropic connectivity relative to the tonotopic axis.
  • A patchy organization of inhibitory and excitatory synaptic inputs was observed, also exhibiting anisotropy with respect to the tonotopic axis.
  • Spatial periodicities of approximately 100 and 300 μm were identified in the connectivity patterns.
  • These spatial periodicities were anisotropic in the auditory cortex but isotropic in the visual cortex, indicating region-specific differences.

Conclusions:

  • Layer 2/3 neurons in the auditory cortex possess specific spatial intralaminar connectivity patterns.
  • This anisotropic connectivity contributes to the observed heterogeneous tuning properties in the auditory cortex.
  • Differences in intralaminar connection organization exist between auditory and visual cortices.