The Sustained-Release Dexamethasone Implant: Expanding Indications in Vitreoretinal Disease

Corticosteroids play an important role in the therapeutic approach to vitreoretinal disease. The Ozurdex implant (DEX Implant 0.7 mg, Ozurdex, Allergan Inc., Irvine, CA, USA) offers sustained release of dexamethasone in the vitreous cavity, and this novel drug delivery system has proven useful both in improving clinical outcomes and in reducing injection burden. While the Food and Drug Administration approves the use of the DEX implant in retinal vein occlusions and non-infectious posterior uveitis, its utilization continues to expand in its breadth of diversity across myriad vitreoretinal conditions. Additionally, modified injection techniques are evolving to improve the safety profile of the DEX implant in eyes that are often considered to have relative contraindications to its use, further extending its application. This review aims to evaluate the evidence supporting the expanding indications and injection techniques of the DEX sustained-release implant in vitreoretinal disease, and explores potential future indications for its use. Arenas for future research are also identified to further elucidate the precise role of the DEX implant in our current treatment model. Increased awareness of effective and safe uses of the DEX implant can refine our therapeutic approach to vitreoretinal disease and ultimately improve patient outcomes.