Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Influence of Cognition on Affect01:29

The Influence of Cognition on Affect

324
Cognition plays a pivotal role in shaping emotional experiences, as demonstrated by Schachter and Singer’s two-factor theory of emotion. According to this model, emotion arises from a combination of physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation. The body’s physiological response to stimuli is ambiguous and only gains emotional significance through cognitive labeling. For instance, an increased heart rate and adrenaline surge while standing near an attractive person may be...
324
Coping Strategies: Problem Focused01:27

Coping Strategies: Problem Focused

796
Coping strategies are methods people use to manage, tolerate, or reduce the effects of stressors. These strategies involve both behavioral and psychological actions to handle stressful situations. One common approach is problem-focused coping, which aims to change or eliminate the source of stress rather than merely addressing its consequences. This method involves taking direct action to resolve the issue causing stress.
For example, consider a student who struggles to understand their...
796
Cognitive Therapy01:25

Cognitive Therapy

1.5K
Cognitive therapy, pioneered by Aaron T. Beck in the 1960s, is a structured approach to addressing psychological distress by focusing on the influence of thoughts on emotions and behaviors. All cognitive therapies involve the basic assumption that human beings have control over their feelings, and that how individuals feel about something depends on how they think about it. Unlike psychoanalytic methods that delve into unconscious processes or humanistic approaches emphasizing...
1.5K
Coping Strategies: Emotion Focused01:20

Coping Strategies: Emotion Focused

895
Emotion-focused coping refers to a set of strategies aimed at managing the emotional impact of stressors, rather than directly addressing their causes. This approach involves altering one's emotional response to stressful situations to reduce their psychological effects. For example, individuals might talk with a friend or engage in activities like journaling to express their feelings. Such actions can help achieve emotional clarity or release, providing the psychological stability needed...
895
Depressive Disorders: Etiology01:27

Depressive Disorders: Etiology

884
Depressive disorders result from a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors, each contributing uniquely to the development and persistence of the condition. Understanding these factors provides critical insight into the multifaceted nature of depression.
Biological Factors in Depression
Biological predispositions significantly influence the risk of developing depressive disorders. Genetic studies highlight the role of variations in the serotonin transporter...
884
Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia01:27

Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia

1.3K
Depressive disorders are a group of mental health conditions characterized by pervasive feelings of sadness, diminished pleasure in life, and a significant impact on daily functioning. These conditions are most prevalent in individuals during their 30s and affect women at twice the rate of men. Contrary to popular belief, younger individuals are generally more susceptible to these disorders than older adults. Two key types of depressive disorders include Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and...
1.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Stimulation priming and psychological state shape functional connectivity following prefrontal theta-burst stimulation.

Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)·2026
Same author

Cognitive control training as an add-on treatment for late-life depression: A multicenter randomized controlled trial.

Internet interventions·2026
Same author

Too Alert to Think Straight: Combined Neurophysiological and Modeling Evidence of Impaired Internal Shielding During Hypervigilance.

Psychophysiology·2026
Same author

Theta burst stimulation prior to stress exposure alters amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations.

Biological psychology·2026
Same author

Using a theory-based approach to evaluate a physical activity promotion intervention for youth with intellectual disabilities.

Social science & medicine (1982)·2026
Same author

Curb your enthusiasm: Positive expectations negatively interact with prefrontal tDCS effects on attentional control, working memory, and emotion regulation in healthy individuals.

Brain stimulation·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
09:14

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: March 14, 2025

1.4K

Abnormal proactive and reactive cognitive control during conflict processing in major depression.

Marie-Anne Vanderhasselt1, Rudi De Raedt1, Annick De Paepe1

  • 1Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University.

Journal of Abnormal Psychology
|March 26, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) patients exhibit impaired cognitive control, struggling to inhibit attention to negative stimuli due to abnormal proactive and reactive control mechanisms. This difficulty stems from both anticipatory information maintenance and conflict-driven correction process anomalies.

More Related Videos

Design and Implementation of an fMRI Study Examining Thought Suppression in Young Women with, and At-risk, for Depression
08:42

Design and Implementation of an fMRI Study Examining Thought Suppression in Young Women with, and At-risk, for Depression

Published on: May 19, 2015

9.7K
Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses
06:42

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses

Published on: September 28, 2018

14.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 1, 2026

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
09:14

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: March 14, 2025

1.4K
Design and Implementation of an fMRI Study Examining Thought Suppression in Young Women with, and At-risk, for Depression
08:42

Design and Implementation of an fMRI Study Examining Thought Suppression in Young Women with, and At-risk, for Depression

Published on: May 19, 2015

9.7K
Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses
06:42

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses

Published on: September 28, 2018

14.3K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Cognitive control involves proactive (anticipatory) and reactive (corrective) mechanisms.
  • Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is associated with diminished inhibitory control, particularly towards negative stimuli.
  • The underlying mechanisms of this deficit in MDD remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the specific roles of proactive and reactive cognitive control deficits in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD).
  • To examine how MDD affects the ability to inhibit responses to negative emotional stimuli.
  • To explore the neural correlates of these cognitive control abnormalities in MDD.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Dual Mechanisms of Control framework to assess cognitive control.
  • Measured response latencies and event-related potentials (ERPs) during an inhibition task involving emotional faces (sad vs. happy).
  • Employed functional neuroimaging (fMRI) to examine brain activity, focusing on the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and default mode network.

Main Results:

  • MDD patients demonstrated increased response latencies when inhibiting responses to sad faces compared to happy faces.
  • Abnormal reactive control was indicated by prolonged ERP topographies and heightened bilateral dorsal anterior cingulate cortex activity during inhibition of negative stimuli.
  • Proactive control deficits were evidenced by abnormal contingent negative variation (CNV) modulation and increased default mode network activity during preparation.

Conclusions:

  • Deficits in inhibiting attention to negative information in MDD likely result from dysfunctions in both proactive and reactive cognitive control processes.
  • Abnormalities in anticipatory information maintenance and conflict-driven correction contribute to emotional regulation difficulties in MDD.
  • Findings highlight the complex interplay of cognitive control mechanisms in the pathophysiology of Major Depressive Disorder.