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Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

4.8K
Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
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Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation01:30

Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation

1.0K
Heart failure can be classified in various ways, with the most common classifications based on physical activity limitations, disease progression, severity, and treatment strategies.The Functional Classification of Heart Failure divides patients into four categories based on physical activity limitation due to symptom burden.Class I: Patients in this class have cardiac disease but no physical activity limitations. Ordinary activities like walking, climbing stairs, or routine tasks do not cause...
1.0K
Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

Heart Failure I: Introduction

1.7K
Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
1.7K
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

1.9K
Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
1.9K
Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations01:26

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations

1.2K
Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
1.2K
Heart Failure V: Medical Management01:30

Heart Failure V: Medical Management

626
Medical Management of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF)The primary goals of therapy for patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) include:Relieving symptomsOptimizing volume statusSupporting oxygenation and ventilationMaintaining cardiac output (CO) and end-organ perfusionIdentifying and addressing the cause of ADHFPreventing complicationsProviding patient education on factors precipitating HF exacerbationPlanning for dischargeOngoing monitoring and assessment...
626

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Updated: May 1, 2026

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
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Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

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Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.

James D Gladden1, Wolfgang A Linke, Margaret M Redfield

  • 1Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim 9, 200 First Street, Southwest Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.

Pflugers Archiv : European Journal of Physiology
|March 26, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review covers heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), detailing its epidemiology, diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment. It also highlights knowledge gaps and future research directions for this complex condition.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Internal Medicine
  • Clinical Research

Background:

  • Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a growing clinical challenge.
  • HFpEF represents a significant proportion of heart failure cases.
  • Understanding HFpEF is crucial for improving patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of HFpEF.
  • To summarize current knowledge on HFpEF epidemiology, diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment.
  • To identify areas requiring further investigation in HFpEF.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on HFpEF.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data, diagnostic criteria, and pathophysiological mechanisms.
  • Evaluation of current therapeutic strategies and their efficacy.

Main Results:

  • HFpEF is characterized by diastolic dysfunction and normal systolic function.
  • Diagnosis relies on clinical symptoms, elevated natriuretic peptide levels, and evidence of diastolic dysfunction.
  • Treatment strategies are evolving, with a focus on managing comorbidities and specific pathophysiological pathways.

Conclusions:

  • HFpEF is a heterogeneous syndrome with complex pathophysiology.
  • Effective treatment strategies are still under development.
  • Further research is essential to address knowledge gaps and improve management of HFpEF.