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Related Concept Videos

Measurement of Fluid Pressure01:16

Measurement of Fluid Pressure

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Fluid pressure is commonly measured using devices called manometers, which rely on liquid columns to indicate pressure differences. The height of a liquid column in a manometer reflects the pressure exerted by the fluid, providing a simple yet effective means of measurement. Different types of manometers serve specific purposes based on their configurations and the type of fluids involved.
A basic form of manometer is the piezometer, a vertical tube open at the top and filled with the same...
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Most pressure gauges, like those on scuba tanks, are calibrated to read zero at atmospheric pressure. Readings from such gauges are called the gauge pressure, which is the pressure relative to atmospheric pressure. When the pressure inside the tank exceeds atmospheric pressure, the gauge reports a positive value. Some gauges are designed to measure negative pressure. For example, many physics experiments must take place in a vacuum chamber, a rigid chamber from which some of the air is pumped...
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Fluid Pressure01:14

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In mechanical engineering, fluid pressure plays a critical role in designing systems that utilize liquid flow, such as hydraulic systems, pumps, and valves. When designing these systems, engineers must ensure they can withstand the forces created by fluid pressure to avoid damage or failure.
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There are many examples of pressure in fluids in everyday life, such as in relation to blood (high or low blood pressure) and in relation to weather (high- and low-pressure weather systems). A given force can have a significantly different effect, depending on the area over which the force is exerted. For instance, a force applied to an area of 1 mm2 has a pressure that is 100 times greater than the same force applied to an area of 1 cm2. That's why a sharp needle is able to poke through...
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Updated: May 1, 2026

Exploring the Effects of Atmospheric Forcings on Evaporation: Experimental Integration of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Shallow Subsurface
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Humidity and pressure sensor based on internal reflection.

J F M Domenegueti, S C Zilio

    Applied Optics
    |March 26, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study introduces a low-cost optical sensor for measuring humidity and pressure. It utilizes internal reflection principles, offering rapid detection of environmental changes.

    Area of Science:

    • Optics
    • Sensor Technology
    • Environmental Monitoring

    Background:

    • Traditional sensors can be expensive and slow.
    • Accurate humidity and pressure sensing is crucial for various applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a low-cost optical sensor for simultaneous humidity and pressure measurement.
    • To leverage the internal reflection phenomenon for sensing applications.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing the phase difference between s- and p-polarized light during internal reflection.
    • Detecting a minimum in the reflected profile at the critical angle.
    • Calibrating the sensor for humidity (above 70% RH) and pressure (1-1000 mbar).

    Main Results:

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  • The sensor demonstrates good sensitivity to relative humidity changes above 70%.
  • It exhibits a response time of less than one second.
  • The device accurately measures pressure and functions as a vacuum gauge.

    • Conclusions:

    • A cost-effective optical sensor for humidity and pressure has been successfully developed.
    • The internal reflection method provides a sensitive and rapid sensing mechanism.
    • This technology has potential applications in environmental monitoring and vacuum measurement.