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Related Concept Videos

Stability of structures01:14

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In mechanical engineering, the stability of systems under various forces is critical for designing durable and efficient structures. One fundamental way to explore these concepts is by analyzing systems like two rods connected at a pivot point, O, with a torsional spring of spring constant k at the pivot point. This system is similar in appearance to a scissor jack used to change tires on a car. In this case, the arms of the linkage (equivalent to the rods in this system) are entirely vertical,...
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In materials that exhibit elastic and plastic behavior, known as elastoplastic materials, residual stresses can accumulate when these materials experience plastic deformation. This deformation arises from either high levels of shearing stress or significant strains. Residual stresses are internal stresses that persist within a material after removing the external force causing deformation. This phenomenon is demonstrated when observing the behavior of a shaft under torque; notably, the...
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Normal strain under axial loading is an important concept in the field of mechanics of materials. Axial loading implies the application of a force along the axis of a material, like a column or bar. This force can either compress or stretch the material. In the context of axial loading, normal strain is the deformation experienced by the material in the direction of the loading force. It's calculated as the change in length divided by the original length of the material. This unitless ratio...
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Residual stresses reside in a structure even after removing the original stress inducer. This phenomenon often arises from varied plastic deformations across different parts of a structure. Consider a rod stretched beyond its yield point. It will not regain its original length due to permanent deformation. Even after load removal, the rod does not entirely lose stress because of uneven plastic deformations, resulting in residual stresses. The computation of these stresses in structures is...
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In the study of elastoplastic members subjected to bending moments, understanding the loading and unloading phases is crucial for assessing material behavior and structural integrity. During the loading phase, as the bending moment increases, the material initially responds elastically, adhering to Hooke's Law, where stress is directly proportional to strain. When the load exceeds the yield strength, plastic deformation occurs, resulting in permanent strain and deformation that remains even...
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Related Experiment Video

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Individualized Stem-positioning in Calcar-guided Short-stem Total Hip Arthroplasty
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Loosely implanted cementless stems may become rotationally stable after loading.

Arun Kannan1, John R Owen, Jennifer S Wayne

  • 1Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery & Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, PO Box 980694, Richmond, VA, 23298-0694, USA.

Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research
|March 26, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Insertionally loose cementless tapered femoral stems can achieve rotational stability through subsidence under load. Despite initial instability, these loose stems did not show reduced torque or rotation to failure compared to well-fixed stems.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic biomechanics
  • Biomaterials science
  • Implant design and analysis

Background:

  • Initial micromotion of cementless implants may hinder osteointegration.
  • Roentgen stereophotogrammetric analyses suggest long-term fixation is possible despite initial instability.
  • The biomechanical benefit of subsidence-induced stability before osteointegration remains unproven.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate rotational stability, subsidence, and torsional resistance of insertionally loose versus well-fixed cementless tapered femoral stems.
  • To compare toggle, subsidence, construct stiffness, torque at failure, and rotation to failure between loose and well-fixed stems.

Main Methods:

  • Ten pairs of cadaveric femurs were implanted with matched well-fixed and loose cementless tapered stems (one size smaller for loose constructs).
  • Rotational stability (toggle) was measured under varying vertical loads simulating single-legged stance.
  • Subsidence was recorded during toggle tests; torsional properties (stiffness, torque, and rotation to failure) were assessed under load.

Main Results:

  • Loose stems exhibited greater toggle at 0 N load but comparable toggle at 250 N and 500 N compared to well-fixed stems.
  • Significant subsidence occurred in loose stems at 250 N and 500 N, while well-fixed stems showed minimal subsidence.
  • Loose stems demonstrated lower torsional stiffness but no significant difference in torque or rotation to failure.

Conclusions:

  • Insertionally loose cementless tapered stems can achieve rotational stability via subsidence under physiological loading.
  • These stems did not exhibit inferior torsional failure characteristics compared to well-fixed stems in simulated single-legged stance.
  • Secondary rotational stabilization may mitigate stress patterns associated with early periprosthetic fractures in loose cemented stems.