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Published on: June 17, 2020
Molecular pathology of macrophages and interleukin-17 in age-related macular degeneration
Chi-Chao Chan1, Daniel Ardeljan
1Section of Immunopathology, Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, 10/10N103, 20892-1857, Bethesda, MD, USA, chanc@nei.nih.gov.
Abstract:
The pathology of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is characterized by degeneration of photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelial cells as well as by changes of choroidal capillaries in the macula. Although AMD is not a typical uveitis, there is a consistence and an imbalance of ocular para-inflammation. Ocular inflammation, particularly in the macula, plays a critical role in AMD pathogenesis. The inflammatory and immune-related elements involved in AMD include inflammatory and related cells as well as the secreted molecules and factors from these cells. Innate immune system elements such as macrophages and cytokines play an important role in AMD pathology and pathogenesis. This chapter reviews the observed deviation in macrophage plasticity and the elevated expression of interleukin-17 in AMD eyes while discussing potential contributions to AMD pathogenesis. Targeting of these specific inflammatory pathways and molecules at appropriate times should be explored and may become promising novel adjunct agents to AMD therapy.
Insights
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) involves ocular inflammation, with macrophages and interleukin-17 playing key roles. Targeting these inflammatory pathways may offer new therapeutic strategies for AMD.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Immunology
- Pathology
Background:
- Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) involves the degeneration of photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelial cells, and choroidal capillaries.
- Ocular inflammation, particularly in the macula, is a critical factor in AMD pathogenesis, though not a typical uveitis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of inflammatory and immune-related elements in AMD pathogenesis.
- To discuss the deviation in macrophage plasticity and elevated interleukin-17 expression in AMD eyes.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on ocular inflammation in AMD.
- Analysis of the role of innate immune system components, including macrophages and cytokines.
Main Results:
- Innate immune cells like macrophages and secreted cytokines are integral to AMD pathology.
- Observed deviations in macrophage plasticity and elevated interleukin-17 expression in AMD are noted.
Conclusions:
- Inflammatory pathways involving macrophages and interleukin-17 are implicated in AMD pathogenesis.
- Targeting specific inflammatory molecules and pathways presents a promising avenue for novel adjunct therapies for AMD.
