Naturalistic Observations
Nonconscious Mimicry
The Sense of Self: Reflected Self-Appraisal and Social Comparison
Automatic Processing and Automatic Social Behavior
Synteny and Evolution
Ryan and Deci's Self-Determination Theory
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A Modified Mirror Test as a Visual Guide for the Self-awareness Trait in Wild Antarctica Penguins, Pygoscelis adeliae
Published on: July 8, 2025
Tom L Beauchamp1, Victoria Wobber
1Department of Philosophy, Kennedy Institute of Ethics, Georgetown University, 425 Healy Bldg, Washington, DC, 20057, USA, beauchat@georgetown.edu.
Great apes, like chimpanzees, demonstrate autonomy through self-initiated actions and understanding, challenging previous assumptions about their cognitive abilities. This research explores their capacity for autonomous behavior.
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