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Related Concept Videos

Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions01:24

Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions

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Drug toxicities can be stratified into pharmacological, pathological, or genotoxic based on their mechanisms. The incidence and severity of these toxicities generally increase with the drug's concentration in the body and exposure time.Pharmacological toxicity is evident when the therapeutic effects of drugs overshoot into adverse reactions in a predictable, dose-dependent manner. Central nervous system (CNS) depression from barbiturates is a classic example, with effects escalating from...
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Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow01:26

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow

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Chronic liver disease significantly impacts drug metabolism due to alterations in hepatic blood flow and enzyme accessibility. This disruption affects the body's pharmacokinetics—the movement and processing of drugs within the system. Key enzymes crucial for metabolizing medications become less accessible, changing how drugs are processed and utilized. Furthermore, liver disease influences the synthesis of plasma proteins, such as albumin and globulins, which play critical roles in drug...
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Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Active Drug, Metabolite and Fraction of Metabolized Drug01:14

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Active Drug, Metabolite and Fraction of Metabolized Drug

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In pharmacotherapy, monitoring drug concentrations is paramount, especially for drugs whose therapeutic effects hinge on both the active compound and its metabolite. Hepatic impairment profoundly influences drug potency by altering liver function. If the drug is more potent than its metabolite, impaired liver function amplifies drug activity due to elevated drug concentration levels. Conversely, if the metabolite holds greater potency, diminished liver function diminishes drug activity by...
358
Bioactivation and Tissue Toxicity01:25

Bioactivation and Tissue Toxicity

151
Bioactivation is a metabolic process that transforms less reactive substances into highly reactive metabolites, initiating tissue toxicity. This transformation can lead to various toxic effects, including carcinogenesis and teratogenesis. Reactive metabolites are classified into two main types: electrophiles and free radicals.Electrophiles are electron-deficient species and are produced primarily by the enzyme cytochrome P-450 during the metabolism of compounds containing carbon, nitrogen, or...
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Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

271
In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess...
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Hepatic Drug Excretion: Influencing Factors01:16

Hepatic Drug Excretion: Influencing Factors

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The biliary system of the liver, crucial for bile secretion and drug excretion, comprises intrahepatic bile ducts that merge to form the common hepatic duct. This duct, carrying hepatic bile, combines with the cystic duct, draining the gallbladder and forming the common bile duct, which empties into the duodenum. Bile, produced by hepatic cells lining the bile canaliculi, is composed primarily of water, bile salts, pigments, electrolytes, and lesser amounts of cholesterol and fatty acids. Bile...
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Human Liver Microphysiological System for Assessing Drug-Induced Liver Toxicity In Vitro
11:06

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Hydroxycut-induced Liver Toxicity.

Dh Kaswala1, S Shah1, N Patel1

  • 1Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School (Formerly UMDNJ-NJMS), Newark, NJ, USA.

Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research
|March 27, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Weight loss supplements like Hydroxycut are unregulated and can cause liver damage. Discontinuing the supplement significantly improved a patient

Keywords:
HydroxycutLiver toxicityNutritional supplements

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Pharmacovigilance
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Nutritional supplements, particularly weight loss products, are widely used in the US despite lacking regulation.
  • Obesity is a significant public health issue, driving a large market for weight loss supplements.
  • Adverse health effects from these supplements are often underestimated by consumers, even with FDA advisories.

Observation:

  • A 27-year-old male presented with jaundice and right upper quadrant pain.
  • The patient was concurrently using Hydroxycut and other dietary supplements.
  • Laboratory tests revealed elevated liver enzymes, and liver biopsy confirmed drug-induced hepatotoxicity.

Findings:

  • Hydroxycut use was linked to severe liver injury (hepatotoxicity) in a case study.
  • The patient exhibited symptoms including jaundice and elevated liver enzymes.
  • Cessation of Hydroxycut led to a marked improvement in liver function and clinical symptoms.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the potential for hepatotoxicity from unregulated weight loss supplements like Hydroxycut.
  • It underscores the importance of monitoring and reporting adverse events associated with dietary supplements.
  • Healthcare providers should consider supplement-induced liver injury in patients with unexplained hepatotoxicity.