Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Diamagnetic Shielding of Nuclei: Local Diamagnetic Current01:14

Diamagnetic Shielding of Nuclei: Local Diamagnetic Current

1.3K
An applied magnetic field causes the electrons present in the molecule to circulate, setting up a local diamagnetic current within the molecule. The local diamagnetic current arising from circulating sigma-bonding electrons induces a magnetic field, Blocal that opposes the applied magnetic field, B0. The effective magnetic field experienced by these nuclei is given by the difference between the applied and local magnetic fields in a phenomenon called local diamagnetic shielding. Essentially,...
1.3K
Nuclear Power02:36

Nuclear Power

7.5K
Controlled nuclear fission reactions are used to generate electricity. Any nuclear reactor that produces power via the fission of uranium or plutonium by bombardment with neutrons has six components: nuclear fuel consisting of fissionable material, a nuclear moderator, a neutron source, control rods, reactor coolant, and a shield and containment system.
Nuclear Fuels
Nuclear fuel consists of a fissile isotope, such as uranium-235, which must be present in sufficient quantity to provide a...
7.5K
Transmission Line Design Considerations01:23

Transmission Line Design Considerations

815
Aluminum has become the material of choice for overhead transmission lines, surpassing copper due to its abundance and cost-effectiveness. The most prevalent type is the aluminum conductor, steel-reinforced (ACSR), which combines aluminum strands around a steel core. Other variants include all-aluminum conductors (AAC), all-aluminum alloy conductors (AAAC), aluminum conductor alloy-reinforced (ACAR), and aluminum-clad steel conductors. Advanced designs, such as aluminum conductors with steel...
815
Radiation: Applications01:17

Radiation: Applications

1.8K
The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
The average...
1.8K
Zones of Protection01:16

Zones of Protection

992
In power systems, the entire setup is divided into protective zones to isolate faults and protect the rest of the network. These zones include generators, transformers, buses, transmission lines, distribution lines, and motors. Each zone can be visualized as a separate room in a house, with each room protected by its own circuit breaker.
Protective zones are defined by closed dashed lines, containing one or more components. A key characteristic of these zones is the strategic placement of...
992
Mass Analyzers: Common Types01:19

Mass Analyzers: Common Types

2.0K
The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...
2.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

On rethinking occupancy factors.

Radiation protection dosimetry·2012
Same author

An unrecognized occupancy change in the vicinity of a medical linear accelerator.

Health physics·2012
Same author

Radiation risk from airline travel.

Journal of the American College of Radiology : JACR·2007
Same author

Radiation protection at an aviation museum.

Health physics·2006
Same author

In-flight radiation exposure and pregnancy.

Health physics·2006
Same author

The fetal dose limit for flight personnel should be 1 mSv over the gestation period, rather than 5 mSv as recommended by the NCRP: for the proposition.

Medical physics·2005

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Use of a Linear Accelerator for Conducting In Vitro Radiobiology Experiments
06:08

Use of a Linear Accelerator for Conducting In Vitro Radiobiology Experiments

Published on: May 26, 2019

7.0K

Shielding design for multiple-energy linear accelerators.

Robert J Barish1

  • 1*211 E 70th Street, Apt. 12G, New York, NY 10021.

Health Physics
|March 28, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Designing shielding for medical linear accelerators (linacs) with multiple x-ray energies is complex. An iterative method accurately calculates shielding needs for various energies, improving upon older rules for dual-energy linacs.

More Related Videos

Characterization of Recombination Effects in a Liquid Ionization Chamber Used for the Dosimetry of a Radiosurgical Accelerator
07:31

Characterization of Recombination Effects in a Liquid Ionization Chamber Used for the Dosimetry of a Radiosurgical Accelerator

Published on: May 9, 2014

13.1K
Sample Preparation and Experimental Design for In Situ Multi-Beam Transmission Electron Microscopy Irradiation Experiments
08:31

Sample Preparation and Experimental Design for In Situ Multi-Beam Transmission Electron Microscopy Irradiation Experiments

Published on: June 27, 2022

2.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 1, 2026

Use of a Linear Accelerator for Conducting In Vitro Radiobiology Experiments
06:08

Use of a Linear Accelerator for Conducting In Vitro Radiobiology Experiments

Published on: May 26, 2019

7.0K
Characterization of Recombination Effects in a Liquid Ionization Chamber Used for the Dosimetry of a Radiosurgical Accelerator
07:31

Characterization of Recombination Effects in a Liquid Ionization Chamber Used for the Dosimetry of a Radiosurgical Accelerator

Published on: May 9, 2014

13.1K
Sample Preparation and Experimental Design for In Situ Multi-Beam Transmission Electron Microscopy Irradiation Experiments
08:31

Sample Preparation and Experimental Design for In Situ Multi-Beam Transmission Electron Microscopy Irradiation Experiments

Published on: June 27, 2022

2.1K

Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Radiation Oncology
  • Radiological Shielding

Background:

  • Modern medical linear accelerators (linacs) offer multiple x-ray energy options, complicating shielding design.
  • Traditional shielding methods for dual-energy linacs used supplementary shielding based on the "two-source" or "add one HVL" rule, which may not be optimal for multi-energy systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present an accurate, iterative method for calculating shielding requirements for medical linacs with multiple x-ray energies.
  • To provide a more precise approach than conventional methods, especially for upgrading existing radiation therapy vaults.

Main Methods:

  • An iterative calculation approach is described.
  • Shielding requirements are determined for each specified x-ray energy.
  • The method accounts for the workload at each energy level.

Main Results:

  • The iterative method provides accurate shielding calculations for linacs with any number of beam energies.
  • This approach offers a more precise alternative to historical shielding rules.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed iterative method enhances the accuracy of shielding design for multi-energy medical linacs.
  • This technique is particularly valuable for planning modifications to existing linac vaults.