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Related Concept Videos

Hemoglobin01:24

Hemoglobin

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Hemoglobin is a globular protein made up of four subunits. Two of these subunits are alpha chains, and the other two are beta chains. Each subunit contains a molecule of heme, which has an iron atom and can bind to oxygen. When an oxygen molecule binds to one heme group, it changes the shape of hemoglobin, making it easier for the other heme groups to bind oxygen as well.
When all four heme groups are bound to oxygen, the resulting molecule is called oxyhemoglobin. As a result, arterial blood...
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UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Beer–Lambert Law01:09

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The Beer-Lambert law describes the relationship between absorbance and concentration, which combines the principles established by scientists Johann Heinrich Lambert and August Beer. Lambert's law states that when light passes through a medium, the loss in intensity is directly proportional to the original intensity and the path length of the light. Beer's law proposed that the transmittance of a solution remains constant if the product of concentration and path length is constant. The modern...
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Simultaneous Evaluation of Cerebral Hemodynamics and Light Scattering Properties of the In Vivo Rat Brain Using Multispectral Diffuse Reflectance Imaging
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Hemoglobin parameters from diffuse reflectance data.

Judith R Mourant1, Oana C Marina1, Tiffany M Hebert2

  • 1Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, P.O. Box 1663, MS M888, New Mexico 87544.

Journal of Biomedical Optics
|March 28, 2014
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Noninvasive spectroscopy can assess blood vessel characteristics in tissues, crucial for cancer monitoring. This study introduces corrections for accurate hemoglobin and oxygenation measurements, overcoming limitations of light scattering and tissue compression.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Optics
  • Cancer Diagnostics
  • Tissue Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Cancer development significantly alters tissue vasculature, necessitating noninvasive monitoring methods.
  • Accurate assessment of blood vessel size, density, and oxygenation is vital for cancer research and clinical applications.
  • Existing spectroscopic methods face challenges due to tissue heterogeneity, light scattering, and potential sample compression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a spectroscopic approach for accurate noninvasive determination of hemoglobin parameters in tissues.
  • To address limitations in current methods, including absorption, scattering, and tissue compression effects.
  • To enable reliable measurement of blood vessel size, density, hemoglobin concentration, and oxygenation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized fiber optic probes for measuring light backscattering from cervical tissue.
  • Derived a correction factor for the absorption coefficient (μa) considering vessel size and density.
  • Employed Monte Carlo simulations to model light pathlength and developed a polynomial function for μa dependence.
  • Fitted hemoglobin spectral bands to extract effective blood vessel parameters and oxygenation.

Main Results:

  • Developed a method to accurately determine tissue hemoglobin concentration, blood vessel size, and density.
  • Quantified the impact of applied pressure on in vivo measurements of hemoglobin concentration and vessel density.
  • Demonstrated that calculated vessel size is influenced by the assumed blood hemoglobin concentration.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed spectroscopic method, with derived corrections, enables accurate noninvasive assessment of tissue vasculature.
  • Understanding the influence of measurement pressure and hemoglobin concentration is crucial for reliable in vivo diagnostics.
  • This technique holds promise for improved monitoring of cancer-related vascular changes.