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Ion Exchange

Ion Exchange

Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...

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Micelle formation is an intricate process that hinges on the properties of amphiphilic or amphipathic molecules and the conditions of the system in which they are found. Amphiphilic molecules, which have both hydrophilic (water-attracting) and hydrophobic (water-repelling) parts, play a critical role in this process.In aqueous environments, these molecules arrange themselves such that their hydrophilic heads are turned towards the water phase, while their hydrophobic tails are oriented away...

Ionic Association

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The ionic association is the association of oppositely charged ions in an electrolyte solution to form ion pairs. Bjerrum defined ion pairs as two oppositely charged ions whose electrostatic attraction exceeds the thermal energy of the system, typically expressed as 2kT. Electrostatic attraction depends on ionic charge, separation distance, and the dielectric constant of the medium. Thermal energy, represented by kT, reflects the tendency of ions to move independently due to molecular motion.

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions.

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Updated: May 1, 2026

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

Anion-based pH responsive ionic liquids: design, synthesis, and reversible self-assembling structural changes in

Huiyong Wang¹, Bo Tan, Jianji Wang

¹Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University , Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids

|March 29, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

pH responsive ionic liquids with specific anions self-assemble into vesicles without additives. These materials show reversible transitions between micelles and vesicles, crucial for drug delivery applications.

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Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature

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Published on: December 20, 2016

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Supramolecular Chemistry
Chemical Engineering

Background:

pH responsive materials are vital for controlled release applications.
Ionic liquids (ILs) offer tunable properties for advanced material design.
Morphological transitions (micelle to vesicle) are key for drug delivery systems.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize and characterize novel pH responsive ionic liquids.
To investigate the self-assembly behavior and structural transitions of these ILs in aqueous solutions.
To explore their potential for drug delivery and biochemical engineering.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of 18 pH responsive ionic liquids with varying alkyl chain lengths and functional anions.
Surface tension, dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.
pH-dependent studies of aggregation and self-assembly structures.

Main Results:

Single-tail ionic liquids with long alkyl chains (n=12, 14) and specific anions formed vesicles without additives.
Reversible transitions between spherical micelles and vesicles were observed upon pH change.
Anion structure and hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity variations were identified as drivers for self-assembly transitions.

Conclusions:

Novel pH responsive ionic liquids capable of forming vesicles and undergoing reversible micelle-vesicle transitions were successfully developed.
These findings highlight the potential of tailored ionic liquids for advanced drug delivery and biochemical engineering applications.
The study demonstrates a new route for designing smart materials with tunable self-assembly characteristics.