Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Biological Effects of Radiation02:59

Biological Effects of Radiation

15.4K
All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...
15.4K
Cancer Prevention02:59

Cancer Prevention

6.5K
Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
Some...
6.5K
Gene-Environment Interactions01:20

Gene-Environment Interactions

1.4K
Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
1.4K
Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu01:29

Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu

159
Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...
159
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase01:11

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase

81
Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...
81
Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions01:16

Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions

220
Idiosyncratic drug reactions represent abnormal chemical responses that vary significantly among individuals, ranging from extreme sensitivity to low doses to insensitivity to high doses. These reactions often occur due to the drug's covalent binding with serum proteins, forming a foreign hapten that triggers an immunotoxicological response. The variability in drug reactions has a strong pharmacogenetic foundation, with genetic differences crucial in how individuals metabolize drugs. For...
220

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Robustness of a neural network approved for skin cancer diagnosis against variations in sequential images.

Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society of Dermatology : JDDG·2026
Same author

Multiclass convolutional neural network vs. 96 dermatologists in skin lesion diagnosis, an international study.

Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society of Dermatology : JDDG·2026
Same author

Large-scale association study identifies lung cancer susceptibility copy number variants and their potential functional role in genetic instability.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same author

Genes associated with genetic and rare lung diseases and the risk of lung cancer.

BMC cancer·2026
Same author

Germline HLA heterozygosity is associated with decreased lung cancer risk.

HGG advances·2026
Same author

Robustness of a convolutional neural network trained on dermoscopic images and challenged with close-up images.

Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society of Dermatology : JDDG·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Measuring DNA Damage and Repair in Mouse Splenocytes After Chronic In Vivo Exposure to Very Low Doses of Beta- and Gamma-Radiation
11:24

Measuring DNA Damage and Repair in Mouse Splenocytes After Chronic In Vivo Exposure to Very Low Doses of Beta- and Gamma-Radiation

Published on: July 3, 2015

10.6K

Genetic factors in individual radiation sensitivity.

Sabine Hornhardt1, Ute Rößler1, Wiebke Sauter2

  • 1Department of Radiation Protection and Health, Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Ingolstaedter Landstr.1, 85764 Oberschleissheim,Germany.

DNA Repair
|March 29, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Genetic variations in DNA repair genes influence DNA damage and repair capacity, impacting radiation sensitivity and lung cancer susceptibility. These findings highlight the role of specific gene polymorphisms in cancer risk.

Keywords:
DNA damageDNA repairDNA repair pathwaysPolymorphismsRadiation sensitivity

More Related Videos

Functional Interrogation of Adult Hypothalamic Neurogenesis with Focal Radiological Inhibition
11:45

Functional Interrogation of Adult Hypothalamic Neurogenesis with Focal Radiological Inhibition

Published on: November 14, 2013

11.6K
Genome-Wide CRISPR Screen for Unveiling Radiosensitive and Radioresistant Genes
08:32

Genome-Wide CRISPR Screen for Unveiling Radiosensitive and Radioresistant Genes

Published on: May 23, 2025

1.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 1, 2026

Measuring DNA Damage and Repair in Mouse Splenocytes After Chronic In Vivo Exposure to Very Low Doses of Beta- and Gamma-Radiation
11:24

Measuring DNA Damage and Repair in Mouse Splenocytes After Chronic In Vivo Exposure to Very Low Doses of Beta- and Gamma-Radiation

Published on: July 3, 2015

10.6K
Functional Interrogation of Adult Hypothalamic Neurogenesis with Focal Radiological Inhibition
11:45

Functional Interrogation of Adult Hypothalamic Neurogenesis with Focal Radiological Inhibition

Published on: November 14, 2013

11.6K
Genome-Wide CRISPR Screen for Unveiling Radiosensitive and Radioresistant Genes
08:32

Genome-Wide CRISPR Screen for Unveiling Radiosensitive and Radioresistant Genes

Published on: May 23, 2025

1.4K

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Interindividual differences in cancer susceptibility and radiation sensitivity are linked to DNA repair gene variations.
  • Polymorphisms in DNA repair genes can affect DNA repair capacity, influencing mutagen and radiation sensitivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate associations between polymorphisms in 12 DNA repair genes and basal/induced DNA damage and repair capacity.
  • To explore the role of gene variations in radiation sensitivity and lung cancer susceptibility.

Main Methods:

  • Studied 70 polymorphisms in 12 DNA repair genes in 177 lung cancer patients and 169 controls.
  • Assessed DNA damage using the Olive tail moment (OTM) in a comet assay after ionizing radiation exposure.
  • Determined DNA repair capacity (DRC) at 10, 30, and 60 minutes post-irradiation.
  • Replicated findings in an independent sample of 798 individuals from 175 families.

Main Results:

  • Polymorphisms in single-strand (e.g., XRCC1, MSH2) and double-strand DNA repair (e.g., RAD50, ATM) genes were associated with DNA damage.
  • A significant association was found between XRCC1 marker rs3213334 and basal DNA damage (p=0.005).
  • An ATM marker (rs611646) showed borderline significance for altered DNA repair capacity in cases (p=0.055) but was significant in families (p=0.009).

Conclusions:

  • Gene variations demonstrably impact DNA damage and repair processes.
  • These genetic variations contribute to individual differences in radiation sensitivity and lung cancer susceptibility.