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Two classes of CD1 genes.

F Calabi1, J M Jarvis, L Martin

  • 1Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, GB.

European Journal of Immunology
|February 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary
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Researchers identified two novel human CD1 genes, R2 and R3, which appear functional and distinct from known CD1 genes. Sequence analysis suggests R3 is more related to mouse CD1, indicating two functional CD1 gene classes.

Area of Science:

  • Immunogenetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Human Genetics

Background:

  • The CD1 family of genes encodes cell surface glycoproteins involved in immune responses.
  • Previous studies have characterized CD1a, CD1b, and CD1c genes, but the full extent of the human CD1 gene family was not established.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the DNA sequence of two novel human CD1 genes, designated R2 and R3.
  • To analyze the structural and evolutionary relationships of these new genes within the CD1 family.
  • To investigate the potential functional and structural characteristics of the encoded proteins.

Main Methods:

  • DNA sequencing of the R2 and R3 genes.
  • Comparative sequence analysis with known CD1 genes and related molecules.
  • Bioinformatic analysis of predicted protein structure, variability, and intramolecular interactions.

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Main Results:

  • The DNA sequences of two distinct human CD1 genes, R2 and R3, were determined.
  • Both R2 and R3 genes exhibit an exon/intron structure similar to other CD1 genes and appear to be functional.
  • Sequence comparisons revealed that R2 is closely related to CD1a, -b, and -c, while R3 shows greater homology to mouse CD1 genes.
  • Structural analysis indicated shared features with MHC class I molecules in alpha 1 domains but differences in alpha 2 domains.

Conclusions:

  • The discovery of R2 and R3 expands the known human CD1 gene family.
  • The distinct homology of R3 to mouse CD1 suggests the existence of at least two functional classes within the CD1 gene family.
  • Further research is needed to identify the antigens encoded by R2 and R3 and their tissue distribution.