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Related Concept Videos

Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue01:27

Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue

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Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...
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Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

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Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...
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Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints

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As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
Synchondrosis
A synchondrosis ("joined by cartilage") is a cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. Synchondrosis may be temporary...
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Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

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Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
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Bone Cells and Tissue01:30

Bone Cells and Tissue

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Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
Osteoblasts and Osteocytes
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Classification of Connective Tissues01:30

Classification of Connective Tissues

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The connective tissues have different properties and functions in the human body. They are broadly categorized into proper, supporting, or fluid connective tissues.
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Author Spotlight: Enhancing Bone Regeneration with Vascularized Artificial Cartilage Integration
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Author Spotlight: Enhancing Bone Regeneration with Vascularized Artificial Cartilage Integration

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Cartilage-forming tumors.

Shadi A Qasem1, Barry R DeYoung1

  • 1Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston Salem, North Carolina 27157.

Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology
|April 1, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cartilage-forming tumors are common bone lesions, including osteochondroma and enchondroma. Recent research links mutations in IDH1 and IDH2 genes to these diverse cartilaginous tumors.

Keywords:
Chest wall hamartomaChondroblastomaChondromaChondromyxoid fibromaChondrosarcomaOsteochondroma

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Oncology
  • Skeletal Pathology
  • Tumorigenesis

Background:

  • Cartilage-forming tumors represent the most frequent primary bone tumors.
  • Common examples include osteochondroma and enchondroma, often asymptomatic.
  • These tumors share the presence of chondrocytic cells and cartilaginous matrix.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the common origin and heterogeneity of cartilage-forming bone tumors.
  • To investigate the role of genetic mutations in the development of these tumors.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on bone tumor classification and pathology.
  • Analysis of recent findings regarding genetic mutations in cartilaginous tumors.

Main Results:

  • Cartilage-forming tumors are the most common primary bone tumors, frequently benign and asymptomatic.
  • Tumor heterogeneity may arise from a shared multipotent mesenchymal progenitor cell.
  • Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and IDH2 have been identified in various cartilaginous tumors.

Conclusions:

  • A common cellular origin may explain the morphologic diversity of cartilage-forming tumors.
  • Genetic alterations, such as IDH1 and IDH2 mutations, are implicated in the pathogenesis of these bone neoplasms.