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Related Concept Videos

Endocarditis I: Introduction01:25

Endocarditis I: Introduction

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Introduction:Endocarditis is the infection of the endocardium, the inner lining of the heart and its valves. When the heart muscle is involved, the condition is termed myocarditis, while an infection of the outer lining is called pericarditis. Infective endocarditis (IE) primarily affects the endocardium, where pathogens adhere to the valves or lining, forming vegetation that can lead to severe complications. Infective endocarditis occurs when microorganisms, usually bacteria from other body...
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Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis01:25

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis

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Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
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Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic01:26

Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic

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Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) occur in a healthcare facility while a person receives care for another ailment. This category also includes work-related infections among healthcare staff.
HAIs significantly increase the cost of health care. Extended stays in healthcare institutions, increased disability, increased costs of medications, including specialized antibiotics, and prolonged recovery times add to the patient's expenses and the healthcare institution and funding bodies.
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Endocarditis III: Medical Management01:18

Endocarditis III: Medical Management

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Infective endocarditis management involves a multifaceted approach encompassing infection prevention, lifestyle modifications, pharmacological therapy, and surgical management.Infection Prevention:Hand Hygiene: Thorough handwashing is crucial to prevent the spread of infection. Hand hygiene should be performed regularly, especially before and after using the restroom.Oral Hygiene: Good oral hygiene is essential. It includes brushing teeth immediately after waking up and before bed, flossing...
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Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management01:29

Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management

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Infective endocarditis (IE) is a chronic infection of the heart's endocardium, primarily affecting the heart valves. A detailed nursing assessment for a patient with IE involves collecting subjective and objective data to ensure an accurate diagnosis and timely intervention.Subjective DataThe nurse gathers information about the patient's symptoms and complaints during the subjective assessment. Patients with infective endocarditis often report non-specific symptoms that can mimic other...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

1.0K
Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Related Experiment Video

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Experimental Endocarditis Model of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA in Rat
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Association between HACEK bacteraemia and endocarditis.

Haur Sen Yew1, Stephen T Chambers2,1, Sally A Roberts3

  • 1Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand.

Journal of Medical Microbiology
|April 1, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bacteraemia caused by HACEK organisms (Haemophilus, Aggregatibacter, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, Kingella) has a 60% positive predictive value for endocarditis. This value varies significantly by species, with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans showing 100% and Eikenella corrodens showing 0%.

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Cardiology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • The HACEK group (Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Aggregatibacter aphrophilus, Aggregatibacter paraphrophilus, Cardiobacterium spp., Eikenella corrodens, and Kingella spp.) are known causes of infective endocarditis.
  • Accurate diagnosis of endocarditis is crucial for timely and appropriate treatment, often relying on clinical criteria such as the Duke criteria.
  • Understanding the association between specific HACEK species and endocarditis can aid in clinical suspicion and diagnostic efforts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To retrospectively evaluate the positive predictive value (PPV) of bacteraemia caused by HACEK organisms for the presence of endocarditis.
  • To determine if the PPV of HACEK bacteraemia for endocarditis differs among the various species within the HACEK group.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of medical records from 87 patients diagnosed with bacteraemia caused by members of the HACEK group.
  • Application of the Duke criteria to diagnose or exclude endocarditis in these patients.
  • Calculation of the positive predictive value (PPV) of HACEK bacteraemia for endocarditis, stratified by individual HACEK species.

Main Results:

  • The overall positive predictive value (PPV) of HACEK bacteraemia for endocarditis was found to be 60%.
  • Significant variation in PPV was observed across different HACEK species.
  • Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans demonstrated a 100% PPV for endocarditis, while Eikenella corrodens showed a 0% PPV.

Conclusions:

  • HACEK bacteraemia is a significant indicator for endocarditis, although not universally present.
  • The diagnostic utility of HACEK bacteraemia for endocarditis is highly dependent on the specific causative species.
  • Clinicians should consider the specific HACEK organism identified when assessing the likelihood of endocarditis.