Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology01:24

Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology

42
Cirrhosis is a progressive chronic liver injury caused by prolonged inflammation, excessive fibrotic remodeling, and impaired regeneration. Over time, repeated hepatic insults disrupt the liver’s architecture and function, leading to reduced blood flow, impaired bile drainage, and diminished metabolic capacity.Pathophysiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis arises from three main responses to chronic liver damage: inflammation, immune activation, and hepatocyte death. These processes lead to...
42
Cirrhosis I: Introduction01:23

Cirrhosis I: Introduction

28
Cirrhosis is a chronic, irreversible liver disease characterized by the widespread replacement of healthy liver tissue with fibrotic scar tissue and the formation of regenerative nodules.Etiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis results from sustained liver injury that triggers progressive fibrosis and structural remodeling. The underlying causes are diverse, encompassing common and less frequent clinical conditions. Regardless of the origin, all causes lead to chronic inflammation, hepatocyte loss, and...
28
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

26
Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor,...
26
Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology01:21

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

30
Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive and irreversible inflammation of the pancreas, most often caused by long-term alcohol abuse, but it can also be related to ductal obstruction, smoking, or genetic factors.Chronic pancreatitis occurs when the pancreas is repeatedly exposed to harmful agents like alcohol, smoking, ductal obstruction, or genetic predisposition. These factors lead to the release of toxic metabolites and inflammatory cytokines, sustaining chronic inflammation in the pancreatic...
30
Acute Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology01:21

Acute Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

46
The pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis centers on injury to pancreatic acinar cells, which initiates a cascade of harmful intracellular events.This injury leads to premature activation of trypsinogen to trypsin in the pancreas. Trypsin then activates other digestive enzymes, such as chymotrypsin, elastase, and phospholipase A2, which begin breaking down pancreatic tissue. The resulting autodigestion causes local inflammation, tissue swelling, hemorrhage, and fat necrosis.Injured acinar cells...
46
Lysosomal Hydrolases01:22

Lysosomal Hydrolases

3.5K
Lysosomes are the site for the degradation of macromolecules and biological polymers released during membrane trafficking events such as secretory, endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic pathways. The membrane-enclosed area of the lysosome, called the lumen, contains hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment. These acid hydrolases are functional at a pH between 4.5 and 5 and are involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling, energy metabolism, restoration of the plasma membrane,...
3.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Elranatamab: A novel B-cell maturation T-cell engager.

Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics·2026
Same author

Systemic light chain and transthyretin amyloidosis-treatment advancements and future directions.

Lancet (London, England)·2026
Same author

Thin Glomerular Basement Membrane Phenotypes With No Identified Pathogenic <i>COL4A3/A4/A5</i> Variant.

Kidney international reports·2026
Same author

Efficacy and Safety of Anselamimab in Immunoglobulin Light Chain Amyloidosis: Results From the Randomized CARES Trials.

Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology·2026
Same author

A phase I/II study of twice-weekly ixazomib plus pomalidomide and dexamethasone in relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma.

Haematologica·2026
Same author

Pathogenesis and kidney prognosis of renal amyloidosis.

Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

From a 2DE-Gel Spot to Protein Function: Lesson Learned From HS1 in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
10:18

From a 2DE-Gel Spot to Protein Function: Lesson Learned From HS1 in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Published on: October 19, 2014

13.2K

The heavy chain diseases: clinical and pathologic features.

Giada Bianchi, Kenneth C Anderson, Nancy Lee Harris

    Oncology (Williston Park, N.Y.)
    |April 2, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    Heavy chain diseases are rare B-cell neoplasms characterized by abnormal immunoglobulin heavy chains. Accurate diagnosis and immunologic interpretation are crucial for identifying these systemic syndromes.

    More Related Videos

    Immunoglobulin Gene Sequence Analysis In Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: From Patient Material To Sequence Interpretation
    09:02

    Immunoglobulin Gene Sequence Analysis In Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: From Patient Material To Sequence Interpretation

    Published on: November 26, 2018

    23.7K
    Use of Single Chain MHC Technology to Investigate Co-agonism in Human CD8+ T Cell Activation
    12:09

    Use of Single Chain MHC Technology to Investigate Co-agonism in Human CD8+ T Cell Activation

    Published on: February 28, 2019

    10.9K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: May 1, 2026

    From a 2DE-Gel Spot to Protein Function: Lesson Learned From HS1 in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
    10:18

    From a 2DE-Gel Spot to Protein Function: Lesson Learned From HS1 in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

    Published on: October 19, 2014

    13.2K
    Immunoglobulin Gene Sequence Analysis In Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: From Patient Material To Sequence Interpretation
    09:02

    Immunoglobulin Gene Sequence Analysis In Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: From Patient Material To Sequence Interpretation

    Published on: November 26, 2018

    23.7K
    Use of Single Chain MHC Technology to Investigate Co-agonism in Human CD8+ T Cell Activation
    12:09

    Use of Single Chain MHC Technology to Investigate Co-agonism in Human CD8+ T Cell Activation

    Published on: February 28, 2019

    10.9K

    Area of Science:

    • Hematology
    • Oncology
    • Immunology

    Background:

    • Heavy chain diseases (HCDs) are rare systemic syndromes linked to B-cell neoplasms.
    • They involve the production of abnormal, non-functional immunoglobulin heavy chains.
    • These chains cannot form complete immunoglobulin molecules or be degraded by the proteasome.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To provide a comprehensive overview of alpha, gamma, and mu heavy chain diseases.
    • To highlight the diagnostic significance of detecting abnormal heavy chains.
    • To discuss clinical, epidemiological, and pathological features, alongside treatment strategies.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of clinical presentations, epidemiology, and diagnostic findings.
    • Analysis of laboratory, radiologic, and pathologic features.
    • Discussion of treatment options for different HCD subtypes.

    Main Results:

    • A key diagnostic finding is the detection of free, abnormal heavy chains in serum or urine.
    • HCDs are subclassified into alpha, gamma, or mu types based on the heavy chain.
    • Accurate pathologic diagnosis and immunologic studies are essential for identification.

    Conclusions:

    • Heavy chain diseases represent a distinct group of B-cell neoplasms.
    • Understanding the unique characteristics of abnormal heavy chains is critical for diagnosis.
    • Multidisciplinary diagnostic approaches are vital for effective patient management.