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Knee Joint

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

In Vitro Application of a Wireless Sensor in Flexion-Extension Gap Balance of Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty

In Vitro Application of a Wireless Sensor in Flexion-Extension Gap Balance of Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty

Published on: May 5, 2023

Dynamic soft tissue balancing in total knee arthroplasty.

Martin Roche¹, Leah Elson², Christopher Anderson²

¹Holy Cross Hospital, Orthopaedic Institute, 5597 North Dixie Highway, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33334, USA.

The Orthopedic Clinics of North America

|April 2, 2014

Summary

Optimizing soft tissue balance during total knee arthroplasty is crucial. New sensor technology in knee trials provides real-time data for better implant positioning and stability, reducing revision rates.

Keywords:

Balancing verification Dynamic balancing Sensor Smart tibial trials Soft-tissue balancing Total knee arthroplasty

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Last Updated: May 1, 2026

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Area of Science:

Orthopedic Surgery
Biomedical Engineering
Medical Device Technology

Background:

Optimal soft tissue balance is critical for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) success.
Current navigation aids improve angular accuracy but not soft tissue stability.
Instability, malrotation, and malalignment cause up to one-third of early TKA revisions.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce a novel approach for intraoperative assessment of soft tissue balance in TKA.
To leverage real-time data for improved implant positioning, rotation, and alignment.
To reduce revision rates associated with instability and malalignment in TKA.

Main Methods:

Integration of microelectronics and sensors into surgical knee trials.
Real-time data acquisition on implant position, rotation, alignment, and soft tissue tension.
Utilizing a full range of motion to evaluate dynamic soft tissue stability.

Main Results:

The developed system provides quantitative, real-time feedback on soft tissue status during TKA.
Enables surgeons to make immediate adjustments for optimal ligament tension and balance.
Potential to significantly decrease outliers and improve TKA outcomes.

Conclusions:

Integrated sensor technology in knee trials offers a significant advancement for TKA surgery.
Real-time data facilitates precise control over implant alignment and soft tissue balancing.
This technology promises to enhance surgical precision and patient outcomes, reducing revision needs.