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Related Concept Videos

Positron Emission Tomography01:29

Positron Emission Tomography

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Positron emission tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique involving radiopharmaceuticals — substances that emit short-lived radiation. Although the first PET scanner was introduced in 1961, it took 15 more years before radiopharmaceuticals were combined with the technique and revolutionized its potential.
One of the main requirements of a PET scan is a positron-emitting radioisotope, which is produced in a cyclotron and then attached to a substance used by the part of the body...
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Imaging Studies II: Positron Emission Tomography and Scintigraphy01:25

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Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique that provides crucial insights into the body's physiological functions at a molecular level. It is an indispensable resource for diagnosing, staging, and monitoring various illnesses, notably cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular conditions.
Fundamental Principles of PET
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Updated: May 1, 2026

Gene Regulation and Targeted Therapy in Gastric Cancer Peritoneal Metastasis: Radiological Findings from Dual Energy CT and PET/CT
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18F-FDG PET/CT in tumefactive multiple sclerosis.

Anna Margherita Maffione1, Lucia Rampin, Gaia Grassetto

  • 1From the Departments of *Nuclear Medicine, PET Unit, and †Neurology, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Rovigo, Italy; and ‡Department of Radiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.

Clinical Nuclear Medicine
|April 2, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study highlights a rare case of tumefactive multiple sclerosis presenting with acute neurological symptoms. Advanced imaging (MRI and PET/CT) and cerebrospinal fluid analysis aided in the diagnosis of this demyelinating disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neurology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system.
  • Tumefactive MS (TMS) is a rare, aggressive variant characterized by large demyelinating lesions.
  • Accurate and timely diagnosis is crucial for effective management of MS.

Observation:

  • A 35-year-old male presented with acute peripheral paresthesia, vision loss, muscle weakness, and gait disturbance.
  • Contrast-enhanced MRI revealed multiple periventricular white matter lesions, two with nodular characteristics.
  • F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated moderate focal uptake in the nodular lesions (SUVmax 6.9).

Findings:

  • Cerebrospinal fluid analysis indicated elevated immunocytes and oligoclonal antibody bands.
  • The combination of clinical presentation, MRI, PET/CT findings, and CSF analysis supported the diagnosis.
  • The patient was diagnosed with acute onset tumefactive multiple sclerosis.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the utility of integrated neuroimaging techniques, including F-FDG PET/CT, in diagnosing challenging MS presentations.
  • Early identification of tumefactive MS is essential for initiating appropriate immunosuppressive therapies.
  • Further research into the specific imaging biomarkers for TMS could improve diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes.