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Attosecond pulse walk-off in high-order harmonic generation.

D Kroon, D Guénot, M Kotur

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    Generation conditions affect attosecond pulse group delay in high-order harmonic generation. Increasing gas pressure decreases group delay due to medium dispersion, accurately modeled by phase-matching.

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    Area of Science:

    • Quantum optics
    • Attosecond science
    • Nonlinear optics

    Background:

    • High-order harmonic generation (HHG) is a key process for producing ultrashort light pulses.
    • Understanding factors influencing pulse characteristics, like group delay, is crucial for advanced applications.
    • Gas dispersion significantly impacts light propagation and pulse dynamics in HHG.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate how generation conditions influence the group delay of attosecond pulses.
    • To elucidate the role of gas pressure and medium dispersion in shaping attosecond pulse timing.
    • To validate theoretical models against experimental observations of group delay.

    Main Methods:

    • Experimental generation of attosecond pulses via high-order harmonic generation in gases.
    • Systematic variation of gas pressure within the generation cell.
    • Theoretical modeling using an on-axis phase-matching approach for HHG in absorbing media.

    Main Results:

    • Group delay of attosecond pulses relative to the fundamental field decreases as gas pressure increases.
    • This decrease is attributed to temporal walk-off caused by the nonlinear medium's dispersive properties.
    • The observed trend in group delay is accurately reproduced by the phase-matching model.

    Conclusions:

    • Gas pressure is a critical generation condition affecting attosecond pulse group delay.
    • The dispersive properties of the nonlinear medium play a dominant role in temporal walk-off.
    • The on-axis phase-matching model provides a reliable framework for predicting HHG dynamics, including group delay.