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Related Concept Videos

The ABO Blood Group01:12

The ABO Blood Group

8.6K
The ABO blood group system is a critical element of transfusion medicine, essential for determining blood compatibility in transfusions and organ transplants. It is based on specific antigens, or agglutinogens, present on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs) and corresponding antibodies, or agglutinins, in the blood plasma.
Antigens in the ABO Blood Group System
Antigens are substances that can trigger an immune response, leading to the production of antibodies. In the ABO blood group system,...
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Blood Transfusion01:15

Blood Transfusion

3.0K
Blood transfusion is a critical medical procedure that saves lives and treats various medical conditions. It involves transferring blood from a donor to a recipient. This process requires a thorough understanding of the ABO blood group system and its associated antigens and antibodies.
Blood Transfusion Overview
A blood transfusion is a medical procedure used to replace blood lost due to injury, surgery, or to treat conditions such as anemia or cancer. During a transfusion, donor blood is...
3.0K
Blood Types02:20

Blood Types

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Human blood is classified into different types based on the presence of antigens on the red blood cell's surface and antibodies in the plasma. Proper identification of blood type is essential for successful blood transfusion. The International Society of Blood Transfusion has identified 38 human blood types based on the surface antigens on the red blood cells. The most common types are ABO, Rh, and MNS blood types.
ABO blood group
ABO antigens are glycoproteins encoded by genes present on...
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Blood Typing01:10

Blood Typing

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Understanding an individual's blood group is a critical component of transfusion medicine. It ensures compatibility in blood transfusions, organ transplants, and even during pregnancy. Determining these blood groups involves the ABO and Rh blood typing systems, utilizing specific antigens and corresponding anti-sera to identify an individual's blood type.
Antigens are protein molecules that reside on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs). The ABO and Rh blood typing systems target...
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Blood Transfusion and Agglutination02:45

Blood Transfusion and Agglutination

13.0K
Blood transfusion is a therapeutic measure to restore the blood volume after extensive blood loss due to an accident or a medical procedure. Blood transfusion involves drawing a certain amount of blood from a suitable donor and infusing it into the recipient.
History
The history of blood transfusion dates back to the 17th century, when early attempts were made in animals. In 1818 James Blundell, a British doctor, performed the first successful human blood transfusion. Later in 1900, Karl...
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Rh Blood Group01:19

Rh Blood Group

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The Rhesus (Rh) antigen is crucial in determining blood groups and ensuring compatibility during blood transfusions.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

FSL Constructs: A Simple Method for Modifying Cell/Virion Surfaces with a Range of Biological Markers Without Affecting their Viability
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FSL Constructs: A Simple Method for Modifying Cell/Virion Surfaces with a Range of Biological Markers Without Affecting their Viability

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GIL: a blood group system review.

Dawn M Rumsey1, Delores A Mallory2

  • 1ART(CSMLS) (corresponding author), Global Support Engineer, Reagents, Immucor/Gamma, 3150 Gateway Drive, Norcross, GA 30091.

Immunohematology
|April 3, 2014
PubMed
Summary

The GIL blood group system, identified in 2002, is linked to the AQP3 protein. Its absence may impact bladder cancer patient survival, suggesting potential therapeutic applications.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genetics
  • Oncology

Background:

  • The GIL blood group system was officially recognized by the International Society for Blood Transfusion in 2002.
  • It is designated as system 29 and is associated with the aquaglyceroporin 3 (AQP3) protein.
  • The system and its single antigen, GIL, were named after an antigen-negative individual who developed anti-GIL antibodies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the discovery and characteristics of the GIL blood group system.
  • To explore the potential clinical significance of the GIL antigen and AQP3 protein, particularly in relation to disease.
  • To investigate future applications of the GIL system in medical research and therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Identification of the GIL antigen on the aquaglyceroporin 3 (AQP3) protein.

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  • Genetic identification of the gene encoding the AQP3 protein.
  • Analysis of antibody formation, particularly anti-GIL, often linked to pregnancy.

    • Main Results:

    • The GIL blood group system (System 29) was established in 2002.
    • The GIL antigen is located on the AQP3 protein.
    • Antibodies against the GIL antigen (anti-GIL) have been observed, primarily resulting from pregnancies.

    Conclusions:

    • While not directly linked to disease, absence of AQP3 protein may correlate with poorer survival rates in bladder cancer patients.
    • The GIL blood group system serves as a marker for the AQP3 protein.
    • Future research may focus on utilizing the GIL system in targeted cancer therapies.